Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

METHOD OF REHABILITATION AND INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

2025-05-19T11:22:55+00:00

This article discusses the methodology of rehabilitation and integrated assessment of students with physical disabilities. Physical training, psychological approaches, and individual programs used in the rehabilitation process are analyzed. Through integrated assessment, students' health, mobility, and social adaptation are assessed. The article highlights the importance of effective rehabilitation and assessment methods in an inclusive educational environment. As a result, scientific and practical recommendations for the successful integration of students into society are developed.

IMPROVING GROUP ATTACKING ACTIONS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2025-05-20T02:22:53+00:00

In competitive activities in modern football, the tendency to develop a fast game and complicate tactical combinations is clearly expressed. Therefore, the ability of an athlete to evaluate the location of players (his own and the opponent's) on the court, the position and direction of the ball's flight, to anticipate the actions of partners and guess the opponents' plans, quickly analyze the current situation and, having chosen the most appropriate action, effectively perform it is of particular importance. Scientists and specialists believe that the rational organization of the activities of players and the team as a whole, more advanced tactics are of decisive importance in football.

STRENGTHENING THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS THROUGH AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

2025-05-20T03:51:30+00:00

For a person to successfully integrate and develop within the global community, the caliber of foreign language instruction provided by international higher education institutions is crucial.This article explores the professional development of English language teachers in higher education, emphasizing integrated methods in curriculum design, enhancing training, and cultivating intercultural competencies. It examines the alignment of teacher preparation with international standards, such as the European CEFR, as well as the elevation of educational quality and the adoption of modular education systems that promote social communication. The research underscores the importance of incorporating global teaching practices into teacher training, improving educational resources, and developing the professional identity of future educators. It also highlights the need for developing pedagogical skills, utilizing new information technologies, and creating educational materials to shape students’ professional culture. The article advocates for a comprehensive and integrated approach to teacher education, focusing on interdisciplinary learning, social-emotional development, reflective practice, and technology integration. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of cultural awareness, collaborative learning, and ongoing professional growth to equip teachers for the diverse needs of students in a globalized environment. Ultimately, this approach not only prepares future educators with the necessary skills for effective teaching but also nurtures their growth as reflective professionals capable of tackling modern educational challenges, such as technological advancements and multicultural classroom dynamics.

PERSONALIZATION OF EDUCATION IN THE PROJECTION OF A STRATEGIC EDUCATIONAL MODEL

2025-05-19T10:18:03+00:00

The article deals with modern technologies introduced into the educational process stimulate a global discussion about the prospects of personalized learning. The article examines key approaches to personalization of education, including individualization, adaptive and differentiated learning. In the article, it is described methodological foundations of personalization, its difference from individualization, and the role of digital technologies in creating individual learning paths. Particular attention is paid to the principles of a personalized approach, such as taking into account the individual characteristics of students, flexibility of the educational process and the use of pedagogical technologies aimed at developing the personal potential of students.

PARENTHETICALS IN I. S. TURGENEV’S NOVEL “FATHERS AND SONS”

2025-05-19T12:07:37+00:00

: This article examines the formal and functional characteristics of parentheticals in I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. The study identifies two main formal types of parentheticals: predicative and non-predicative parentheticals, with the former being significantly more frequent. Functionally, the parentheticals in the novel serve various roles, including authorial remarks, metalinguistic and metatextual commentary, and communicative functions. The most common type is parenthetical remarks, which provide insights into characters’ gestures, thoughts, and emotions. Additionally, metalinguistic parentheticals clarify word usage, while metatextual parentheticals offer contextual information. The study concludes that parentheticals in “Fathers and Sons” resemble dramatic stage directions, enriching both narration and character depiction.

ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPLEXITY OF COORDINATING SPECIALIZED LOADS IN 15-16 YEAR-OLD FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2025-05-20T03:11:31+00:00

The article notes that the result of playing football can be improved only with appropriate general and special technical-tactical training, so that all actions are targeted and rational. In football, the actions during the game cannot be predicted and calculated in advance from the point of view of space and time, therefore, most coaches agree that the basis of the players' game actions is technical and tactical preparation.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ATTACKING MOVEMENTS IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS AGE 12-14

2025-05-19T11:02:20+00:00

This article comprehensively analyzes methods for developing attacking actions of basketball players aged 12-14 when shooting the ball into the basket. Factors influencing the improvement of movement coordination, as well as technical and tactical development of basketball players, are thoroughly examined. Based on modern research, a specialized training program for enhancing attacking actions is developed. The article illuminates the process of effective athlete training and presents scientific conclusions drawn from advanced international experience.

PRIORITY WAYS TO IMPROVE THE SKILLS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING THEIR SPECIFIC COMPETENCES

2025-05-20T02:02:19+00:00

This article presents scientific research on improving the methodological preparation of future primary school teachers for teaching technology, directing them to professions in the content of technology, cultivating students' creativity in class and extracurricular activities, and developing their interest in creating innovations.

Methods aimed at developing the educational activities of future primary school teachers are being improved. Innovative approaches and modern educational technologies are used to increase the professional competencies of teachers, effectively organize the educational process, and develop students' creative thinking skills. The results of the research are expected to help teachers apply new methodologies in the future educational process. The aim of the modern education system is to improve the methodology for developing the educational activities of future primary school teachers.

THE MAXIMUM ANGULAR VELOCITY OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ENTERING THE BALL INTO PLAY

2025-05-20T03:43:06+00:00

This study focuses on the kinematic analysis of maximum angular velocity in volleyball players during ball-entry actions, such as serving and spiking, using 3D motion analysis (3D MA) technology. The research aims to evaluate how angular velocities in key body segments—particularly the shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles—contribute to performance effectiveness. By analyzing movements like shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, the study provides insights into the biomechanical factors that influence the power and precision of volleyball serves and spikes. A candidate athlete for Master of Sports in volleyball participated in the study, with movements captured by a high-resolution 3D motion capture system in a controlled laboratory environment. The results highlight significant asymmetries between the dominant and non-dominant sides, reflecting the player’s reliance on one side for generating power. The research identifies specific kinematic indicators crucial for achieving optimal performance and suggests training programs that enhance shoulder strength, flexibility, and balance, while reducing injury risk.

BAZAROV – A HERO OF “MIXED” SOCIAL ORIGIN

2025-05-19T08:49:36+00:00

This article describes the study of Ivan Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons and the character of Yevgeny Bazarov. Despite extensive research on the novel, some significant issues remain unresolved. In the preparatory materials for the novel, Bazarov’s genealogy was outlined even more explicitly: “the son of a doctor, who was himself the son of a priest.” Why did Turgenev give his protagonist precisely this social background? This choice is deeply significant: it reflects a typical biographical pattern of many doctors in the 19th century. The medical profession was considered unworthy of a nobleman. As a rule, in the 1850s, children of clergy became doctors. However, the background of Bazarov’s father and his son’s attitude toward it are not as straightforward as they might seem. Researchers have established that when speaking about himself, Bazarov ironically uses the aristocratic term lekar (“physician”), whereas other characters in the novel refer to this profession as doktor (“doctor”). This provides grounds to suspect Bazarov of a sense of social inferiority, which, as Turgenev subtly hints, compels the character to continuously return to this topic and react sensitively to it in conversations with the Kirsanov noblemen.

INNOVATIVE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EFL STUDENTS

2025-05-19T11:52:10+00:00

In the context of globalized education, developing not only linguistic but also social competencies has become essential for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This article explores innovative classroom strategies aimed at enhancing the social intelligence of EFL students in Uzbekistan. Social intelligence — the ability to understand, manage, and effectively navigate social situations — plays a critical role in successful communication and cultural adaptability. The paper examines practical methods such as collaborative learning, role-play, digital storytelling, and project-based tasks that foster empathy, cooperation, and interpersonal awareness. Drawing on qualitative classroom observations and feedback from both students and teachers, the study identifies which techniques are most effective in promoting social interaction and emotional understanding among learners. The findings suggest that integrating social intelligence-focused activities into language instruction not only improves communicative competence but also equips students with valuable life skills for intercultural communication and collaboration in real-world contexts.

METHODOLOGY OF IMPROVING STRENGTH TRAINING OF QUALIFIED HANDBALL PLAYERS

2025-05-20T02:47:24+00:00

In this article, tools and methods for improving strength training of skilled handball players, information on scientific researches and scientific theories of scientists, and the results of research works based on them are highlighted.

FROM DECODING TO THINKING: THE JOURNEY FROM SIMPLE TO ACTIVE READING

2025-05-19T10:51:31+00:00

Reading is a fundamental talent that transcends mere word decoding, engaging the mind in critical thinking and comprehension. This paper examines the shift from the simplistic perspective of reading, centered on decoding and linguistic understanding, to the dynamic perspective of reading, which includes critical thinking and analytical involvement. This study emphasizes the need of transitioning from passive comprehension to an engaged and reflective reading process by examining existing literature and discussing practical methods for promoting active reading. Research indicates that the application of active reading practices markedly improves comprehension, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, which are vital for academic and professional achievement.

LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TRANSFER: DOES A SIMILAR L1 FACILITATE L2 ACQUISITION?

2025-05-20T01:52:05+00:00

This study explores the influence of a learner’s first language (L1) on second language (L2) acquisition through the lens of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH). It examines how linguistic similarities and differences between Russian (L1) and English (L2) impact grammar acquisition and error patterns. Using qualitative research methods, including observations and interviews, a case study was conducted on a female Russian-speaking participant learning English as an L2. Findings reveal that positive transfer facilitates learning when linguistic structures align, while negative transfer leads to persistent grammatical difficulties, particularly with articles, auxiliary verbs, and tense sequencing. These results align with interlanguage theory and Krashen’s SLA framework, which suggest that L2 acquisition follows a structured developmental process shaped by L1 influence. The study highlights the effectiveness of contrastive analysis and error analysis in predicting and addressing learners’ difficulties. Targeted instructional activities, such as reading exercises, structured handouts, and real-life applications, contributed to the participant’s improvement in L2 competence. The research underscores the pedagogical significance of linguistic comparison in SLA and its role in designing effective teaching strategies. By integrating contrastive analysis and corrective feedback, educators can better address learners’ challenges and enhance proficiency.

PLOT DEVELOPMENT AND DYNAMISM IN CRIME FICTION

2025-05-20T03:34:20+00:00

This research paper delves into the intricate mechanisms of plot development and the dynamic nature of crime fiction, examining how authors construct suspense, manipulate narrative structure, and maintain reader engagement. Focusing on classic and modern examples of Uzbek and English crime fiction, including works by Agatha Christie and Tohir Malik, the study analyzes narrative techniques such as red herrings, cliffhangers, and plot twists. It highlights how character motivations, pacing, and revelation timing contribute to a compelling storyline. The paper also explores the psychological underpinnings of tension and the role of detective figures in advancing plot momentum. Emphasis is placed on the balance between predictability and surprise, and how these elements sustain reader interest. Through comparative literary analysis, the research identifies common frameworks and innovations in the genre.

INTERNET COMMUNICATION IN THE PROJECTION OF TRANSFORMATION OF COGNITIVE SIDES OF VIRTUAL PERSONALITY

2025-05-19T08:01:05+00:00

The anonymity inherent in online communication, especially in combination with the physical distance of participants, can provoke non-standard and, at times, deviant behavior. In this article, we examine the specifics of such behavior in the online environment, and also raise topical issues of self-identification of users who act as linguistic personalities in the virtual space of the Internet. This study is aimed at identifying the fundamental factors that determine changes in language caused by the restructuring of text tools and communication channels in an environment of anonymity and distance. As a result, there is an active stylistic assimilation of the latest text formats and a rapid development of organized colloquial speech, which affects all levels of language, including online vocabulary, specialized electronic slang, the genre of electronic letters and the use of language manipulation technologies.

INTEGRATING DICTOGLOSS WITH TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL TOOLS TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATIVE-GRAMATICAL COMPETENCE

2025-05-19T11:38:17+00:00

The aim of the article is identification of the core of dictogloss that has an integrative character and to discuss the positive experience of integrating digital tools and technology with dictogloss to develop students’ communicative and grammatical competence. Additionally, the article outlines the procedure for conducting an empirical study on ways to enhance its effectiveness in developing students’ communicative and grammatical competencies during English lessons.

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2025-05-20T02:37:25+00:00

: In this article, it is considered to be one of the main elements of various types of communication aimed at learning a foreign language, which is becoming increasingly popular today. Studying a foreign language offers many advantages over earning a degree in your chosen language. Effective language learning often involves a combination of these methods, tailored to the learner's goals, preferences, and learning style. Experimenting with different approaches and finding what works best for individual learners can enhance the language learning experience and improve long-term language proficiency. Learning a foreign language offers many benefits beyond just translating words. The importance of learning a foreign language transcends practical utility to encompass personal enrichment, cultural appreciation, and societal advancement. Embracing linguistic diversity and multilingualism enriches individuals' lives, fosters global understanding, and promotes a more inclusive and interconnected world.

CHILDREN'S MINI-FOOTBALL IN THE MINES OF OUR COUNTRY

2025-05-20T04:15:14+00:00

For a short time of its development street mini-soccer found in Uzbekistan great popularity Am one School pupils and student youth. Rules of competitions of teams 5*5, 6*6 are approved. Street mini-soccer pleases not only children, but also their parents, adults, gets support of the state and organically connected to interests of adult population in soccer as to the concerning show.

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL INDICATORS OF JUDO ATHLETES THROUGH CIRCUIT TRAINING

2025-05-19T10:42:06+00:00

This article examines the issue of technical and tactical training of qualified judo athletes. A technology for improving technical and tactical actions through circuit training is proposed.

THE EFFECTS OF THE MONTESSORI METHOD ON PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S READINESS FOR PRIMARY EDUCATION

2025-05-20T01:42:11+00:00

This article investigates the impact of the Montessori educational approach on preschool children's readiness for primary education. It explores how the Montessori philosophy and its principles including self-directed activity, hands-on learning, and collaborative play contribute to the development of cognitive, social, emotional, and academic competencies in early learners.

EASTERN MOTIFS IN THE WORKS OF A.S. PUSHKIN

2025-05-20T03:25:07+00:00

This article examines the influence of Eastern motifs in the works of A.S. Pushkin, highlighting their thematic, stylistic, and ideological significance. Pushkin’s fascination with the East, shaped by literary, historical, and cultural influences have been reflected in his poetry and prose through exotic imagery, oriental philosophy, and depictions of Eastern traditions. The article describes key works such as The Fountain of Bakhchisarai, The Prisoner of the Caucasus, and Ruslan and Lyudmila, analyzing how Eastern aesthetics and narratives contribute to the development of Pushkin’s artistic vision. Special attention is given to the poet’s perception of the East, its romanticized representation, and its role in shaping Russian literary Orientalism. The research also addresses Pushkin’s adaptation of Eastern themes within the broader context of 19th-century Russian literature.

IMPROVEMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH COMPETENCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SPECIALISTS

2025-05-19T11:28:53+00:00

As science and technology are rapidly developing in modern society, the formation of scientific and research competence of specialists is becoming increasingly important. In this regard, it is important to analyze the content and structural structure of scientific research competence and develop the foundations for its development.

PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATIVE ENGLISH TEACHING WITH DISCURSIVE ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

2025-05-20T02:27:24+00:00

This article investigates the integration of discursive digital resources in English language teaching, emphasizing their potential to enhance both linguistic and pedagogical outcomes. With the rapid development of digital technologies, the role of electronic resources in education has gained significant importance, particularly in language acquisition. The study explores how these resources, when strategically integrated into teaching methodologies, facilitate a more holistic learning experience by combining linguistic analysis, discourse strategies, and cognitive development. It focuses on the interaction between digital tools and language structures, such as ellipsis, information processing, and stylistic features, to create an engaging and effective learning environment. Furthermore, the paper examines the theoretical foundations of integration, discussing how cross-disciplinary approaches merging linguistics, pedagogy, and information technology can improve learning outcomes. By addressing the challenges and opportunities posed by digital resources, the article outlines a model for incorporating them into the English language curriculum, ensuring a balanced approach that fosters critical thinking, communicative competence, and problem-solving skills. Ultimately, this research highlights the growing necessity of adopting integrative teaching methods and digital tools in modern education to prepare learners for the demands of a globalized world.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE METHOD USED TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF WOMEN

2025-05-20T04:06:56+00:00

In this article, the author presents the final results of special test trials conducted among women in the experimental and control groups as part of a study on women's functional state. Based on the outcomes of these tests, the author also provides practical recommendations. During the scientific study, the effectiveness of the developed methodology aimed at improving women's functional condition was identified. According to this methodology, tests were conducted on female participants before and after the research, allowing for well-founded conclusions to be drawn based on the obtained results. The final outcomes of the study show that the functional indicators of the women significantly improved. This indicates the effectiveness of the developed methodology.

THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING SPEECH COMPETENCE IN A BILINGUAL ENVIRONMENT

2025-05-19T10:23:54+00:00

The article examines the key role of teachers in developing speech competence among students in a bilingual environment. It emphasizes the significance of bilingualism as a tool for personal and professional growth. The authors highlight the importance of a professional approach by educators in developing students' language skills. Major methodologies, such as immersive learning and integration of cultural aspects into the educational process, are presented. The impact of an individualized approach to each student on the successful acquisition of the second language is discussed. The importance of speech competence as a fundamental component of effective communication in a multicultural environment is stressed. Educators also play the role of mentors, supporting students’ motivation and confidence. The use of interactive technologies for creating a linguistic environment is identified as a key aspect. It is noted that the development of written and oral speech should be balanced. The article demonstrates that teachers’ professionalism directly influences the success of bilingual education. It emphasizes that their efforts contribute to students' personal development and integration into the globalized community. Thus, it is stated that finding innovative methods in bilingual education is essential.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE TRAINING PROCESS FOR QUALIFIED ATHLETES IN KAYAKING USING INDIVIDUALIZATION PREPARATION

2025-05-19T12:17:16+00:00

This work is dedicated to researching the possibilities of optimizing the training of highly qualified kayak rowers through the individualization of the training process.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL TRAINING OF SAMBO WRESTLERS BASED ON INCREASING SPEED AND STRENGTH QUALITIES

2025-05-20T03:16:22+00:00

As a result of the research, specially selected sets of exercises were developed and practically tested for the development of fast-strength qualities of sambo wrestlers: a set of general developmental exercises using the striking method; a set of special exercises and a set of outdoor games. The use of a specially selected set of exercises during sambo training allows you to more effectively develop speed and strength qualities.

THE FORMATION OF THE QUALITY OF RAPID STRENGTH OF A SHORT-DISTANCE STUDENT YOUTH

2025-05-19T11:18:42+00:00

This article explores the problems that arise in the development of speed-strength qualities of short-distance runners and the methods of their solution. The study analyzes techniques and exercises that are especially relevant in ensuring the growth of speed-strength qualities in the process of training students and athletes aged 18-20 years. During the study, the results of the exercises performed between the experimental and control groups were compared, and effective results were obtained in this process. The importance of scientific approach and methodological tools in the further development of physical fitness of athletes is also emphasized.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES IN YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS AGED 13–17

2025-05-20T02:17:26+00:00

The article investigates methodological frameworks for evaluating the technical and tactical performance of young football players within the context of competitive activity. Particular emphasis is placed on the systematic analysis of temporal distribution in the training curriculum of the Specialized Children and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve (SDYUSHOR) dedicated to the acquisition and refinement of technical and tactical competencies. The study delves into the formulation of assessment criteria, the implementation of quantitative and qualitative evaluation methodologies, and their applied significance in performance monitoring, training load optimization, and the enhancement of competitive effectiveness in youth football.

APPLYING THE INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN WRITING

2025-05-20T03:47:18+00:00

The integrative approach in writing involves synthesizing diverse sources, perspectives, and ideas to create cohesive, well-rounded, and original compositions. This article explores the concept and application of integrative writing across various fields, including academic research, professional writing, and creative endeavors. By examining the cognitive, analytical, and creative aspects of the integrative approach, the article highlights how writers can enhance their critical thinking, originality, and coherence through the process of synthesis. Additionally, the article discusses the importance of ethical practices, such as proper citation, and addresses challenges that writers may encounter when integrating information. The benefits of this approach include improved organization, stronger engagement with readers, and greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Ultimately, the integrative approach in writing fosters a deeper understanding of topics and encourages writers to produce thoughtful, persuasive, and intellectually rich work. The article concludes by emphasizing the growing relevance of integrative writing skills in the evolving landscape of digital tools, collaborative environments, and interdisciplinary studies.

ARTISTIC PSYCHOLOGISM IN UZBEK AND RUSSIAN PROSE

2025-05-19T10:09:53+00:00

The article describes the evolution of the novella genre, spanning almost one hundred and fifty years, indicates the presence of still unexplored aspects of the human psyche. In the context of the development of thought and the complexity of human psychology, the scale of artistic thinking must take on a transformative significance. In modern Uzbek literary studies, the problem of artistic psychologism in the poetics of the novella plays an important role in identifying relevant issues. The creative balance in Uzbek prose, on the one hand, originates from the folklore of Turkic peoples, and on the other, is enriched by research in world and Russian classics. Particularly influential were L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, F. Kafka, A. Camus, J. Joyce, and other representatives of sentimentalism and realism.

RECREATING SOME SYMBOLIC DEVICES IN A. BLOK'S POEM "TWELVE" IN THE UZBEK TRANSLATION

2025-05-19T11:58:18+00:00

This article examines the recreation of some symbolic means in the translation of A. Blok's poem "The Twelve" into Uzbek. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the use of symbols that express the revolutionary struggle in general. It examines how the translator conveys the most important symbols of the revolutionary era, such as the images of twelve revolutionaries, an old woman, a lady in karakul, black and white symbols, as well as the relationship between traditional Russian and Uzbek cultural contexts. The author analyzes the translator's approaches to conveying symbolic means in the Uzbek language and identifies the features of their interpretation. As a result of the work, it is shown how translators, striving to preserve the symbolic load of the original, adapt the cultural and historical context of the work for the Uzbek reader.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FUNCTIONAL STATES OF HANDBALL PLAYERS AGE 15-16

2025-05-20T03:07:16+00:00

In this article, research was conducted on the functional training of 15-16-year-old handball players. During the study, the functional state of young handball players was monitored using the Facebeat device. Based on the results obtained, a set of special exercises optimized for the team's training process was developed and introduced into practice.

THE INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO STEAM (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, ARTS, AND MATHEMATICS) CURRICULA

2025-05-19T10:57:40+00:00

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) curricula represents a significant advancement in modern education. AI’s potential to reshape how students interact with interdisciplinary content is immense, offering tools that enable personalized learning, data-driven feedback, and innovative project-based instruction. This paper examines how AI technologies can enhance STEAM education by promoting critical thinking, stimulating creativity, and promoting collaboration. It also evaluates the current landscape of AI use in schools and universities, highlighting successful case studies and practical implementations. However, the adoption of AI in education also brings complex challenges, including concerns about ethical implications, data privacy, teacher preparedness, and equitable access to digital infrastructure. Through a review of the literature and analysis of existing models, this research outlines strategic approaches to effective AI integration in STEAM disciplines. The goal is to provide educators and policymakers with actionable insights to promote inclusive, future-ready learning environments.

PHONETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK VOWEL SOUNDS

2025-05-20T01:56:42+00:00

This study examines the phonetic and phonological differences between the vowel systems of English and Uzbek. Although both languages utilize vocalic distinctions to convey meaning, they differ in terms of vowel inventory, vowel length, diphthongization, and the presence or absence of vowel harmony. These differences pose specific challenges for second language learners and carry implications for pedagogy in phonetics and language acquisition.

ON THE ROLE OF HERDSMEN IN THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE JIZZAH OASIS

2025-05-20T03:38:59+00:00

In this article, the authors provide information about the influence of steppe tribes on the ancient history of the Jizzakh oasis. According to the authors, from the time of the Kang confederation until the end of the early Middle Ages, fortresses and castles of peasants who settled in the Jizzakh oasis were built. This is confirmed by the materials of such rural settlements as Pardakultepa, Komilbobotepa, Yagubbobotepa, Rasulboykultepa, studied in the Jizzakh oasis. The migration of cattle-breeding tribes had a great influence on these processes of cultural development.

WAYS TO INCREASE STUDENTS' MOTIVATION IN LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2025-05-19T08:40:31+00:00

The article examines effective ways to increase students' motivation when learning the Russian language. Both traditional and innovative methods aimed at developing cognitive interest and activating learning activities are analyzed. Special attention is paid to game-based technologies, interactive methods, the use of digital resources, and an individualized approach to teaching. Practical recommendations for teachers are provided to help create a favorable educational environment and improve students' academic performance. The article's conclusions confirm that a comprehensive approach to motivation contributes to deeper material comprehension and the formation of a sustainable interest in the subject.

DESCRIPTION OF JIZZAK OASIS IN WRITTEN SOURCES OF AMIR TIMUR AND TIMURI PERIOD

2025-05-19T11:43:33+00:00

This article describes the historical processes related to the territory of the Jizzakh oasis in written sources created during the reign of Amir Temur and the Timurids. Based on the analysis of a number of written sources and historical literature, such as the unique written monuments of the Timurid era, Zafarnama, Timur’s Statutes, and Baburnama, it is sufficiently highlighted that the Jizzakh region, its cities and towns played an extremely important role in the activities of Amir Temur and the Timurid state.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS' PERSONAL COMPETENCES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2025-05-20T02:42:26+00:00

: This article examines the methodology for using innovative technologies to attract students of higher educational institutions to physical education and sports. In the current conditions of rapid development of science and technology, the issue of promoting a healthy lifestyle among students has become even more urgent. The conditions for the formation of motivations that encourage students to independently engage in active physical education and sports are scientifically analyzed.

GRAMMATICAL AND LEXICAL CHANGES IN TRANSLATION

2025-05-20T04:19:47+00:00

This article examines the grammatical and lexical changes that occur during the translation process. Translation often necessitates shifts at both the word level (lexical changes) and the sentence level (grammatical changes) to ensure meaning is accurately conveyed and the target text reads naturally. Lexical changes may involve choosing non-literal equivalents, while grammatical changes can include alterations in word order, sentence structure, or the use of grammatical categories. The study explores the reasons for these changes, their impact on translation quality, and the strategies employed by translators to manage them effectively.

THE LINGUISTIC FOOTPRINT OF CULTURE: ANALYZING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF REALIA

2025-05-19T10:46:57+00:00

This paper explores cultural realia-those culture-specific items for which there seems no direct equivalent in other languages- and their respective roles in translation, language teaching, and intercultural communication. It describes realia as words or concepts entrenched in a specific culture with an outlook upon identity, value, and worldview. The study offers a classification that divides realia into material objects, social customs, historical references, idioms, and some abstract concepts. These elements pose considerable challenges in translating them due to the heavy cultural implications involved. Then, translators are balance on domestication vs. foreignization, explanations vs. substitutions to reveal how these strategies allow for meaning and cultural context to inform one another. In education, realia build intercultural competence and thus help learners understand not just the language but the underlying cultural practices. They incorporate contextualization, role-playing, and digital tools. Ultimately, realia are essential for an interaction between cultures. It is either a very strong source of misunderstanding or means to building cultural empathy, dependent upon how it is dealt with. This study contributes toward expounding cultural significance through language.

CRITICAL THINKING AND ACADEMIC ATTAINMENT IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

2025-05-20T01:46:43+00:00

This scientific article examines the relationship between critical thinking and academic attainment in language learning. Critical thinking is a crucial skill that enables students to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and enhance their language proficiency. This study explores the impact of critical thinking on various language skills, including reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Through empirical research and theoretical analysis, the study highlights the benefits of fostering critical thinking in language education. The findings indicate that students with strong critical thinking abilities perform better academically and demonstrate improved linguistic competence. The paper concludes with pedagogical recommendations for integrating critical thinking into language learning curricula.

MODERN METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

2025-05-20T03:29:50+00:00

The application of contemporary teaching techniques in English language instruction is examined in this article, with particular attention paid to tactics like technology-enhanced instruction, community-based learning, and the flipped classroom. Because traditional approaches does not seem to work as Bergmann and Sams quoted “The traditional model of instruction does not work for every student”[1]. It looks at how these methods encourage greater engagement in both traditional and digital classrooms, boost learner autonomy, and support student-centered learning. The article also highlights how important teacher participation is to successfully enabling these strategies. It makes the case that incorporating cutting-edge teaching resources and interactive learning environments greatly enhances language acquisition and communication abilities, drawing on current research and real-world classroom experiences. The study comes to the conclusion that, with careful application, contemporary techniques can make teaching English more effective, inclusive, and inspiring.

THE IMPLICATION OF USING ICT ON TEACHING EFL LEARNERS

2025-05-19T11:33:08+00:00

This article focuses on examining how the use of ICT devices impacts students' interest in learning foreign languages. It discusses the outcomes of applying modern teaching methods through ICT tools and highlights their role, significance, and the characteristics of current technologies in the learning process. The study tries to highlight on utilizing ICTs can improve fast and easily learners’ four main skills such as writing, speaking, listening and reading, as well as to motivate and encourage students to learn the target language.

THE USAGE AND IMPORTANCE OF GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES IN ENGLISH

2025-05-20T02:31:56+00:00

One of the important topics in English grammar is the use of gerunds and infinitives, which holds a significant place in language learning. This article analyzes the rules and examples related to this topic. It also provides solutions and suggestions to address common problems that learners often face when dealing with gerund and infinitive usage.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRENGTH TRAINING OF DIFFERENT AGED ROWERS IN CANOE

2025-05-20T04:11:10+00:00

Canoeing is a sport that demands considerable endurance. Clearly, athletes training with rowing need specialized strength training. This article examines the age-specific characteristics of various components of strength training for canoeists. It delineates a series of exercises designed to develop strength qualities, as well as objectives for defining the direction and content of the training process. Furthermore, it outlines the methodological principles that should govern the organization of strength training for canoeists across different age groups.

THEORY OF BILINGUISM: FEATURES OF UZBEK-RUSSIAN BILINGUISM, INFLUENCE OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGE ON THE FORMATION OF A SECOND LANGUAGE

2025-05-19T10:35:51+00:00

This article is devoted to the study of the theory of bilingualism with an emphasis on the features of Uzbek-Russian bilingualism. The article examines the features of Uzbek-Russian bilingualism, the influence of the native language on the process of formation of the second language,and alsothe relationships and interactions between the two language systems are analyzed. Key aspects of the theory of bilingualism are considered, including language interference, adaptation and the role of the socio-cultural environment.Particular attention is paid to the psycholinguistic and sociocultural aspects that influence the success of second language acquisition, as well as the phenomena of interference and transfer.

ENHANCING STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY THROUGH INNOVATIVE INTEGRATED METHODS IN CONTEMPORARY LANGUAGE EDUCATION

2025-05-20T01:36:03+00:00

The study refers to creative solutions for enhancing students' language skills by incorporating new pedagogies. Traditional methods fail to address differentiated learning needs and modern demands such as application in everyday life and fluency. The study proposes the use of technology-based learning, inter-disciplinary pedagogy, and experiential training to create speaking, listening, reading, and writing abilities. By employing literature and potential case studies, the feasibility of such practice is determined. The study must provide language teachers with practical, adaptable, and research-informed models, along with a wide range of effective instructional materials, in order to enhance the overall productivity and relevance of language instruction within the framework of 21st-century education. These resources should be designed to address the diverse needs of modern learners by integrating innovative teaching techniques, technological tools, and student-centered methodologies.By equipping teachers with such tools, the study aims to empower educators to create dynamic and engaging learning environments that not only foster meaningful language acquisition but also stimulate curiosity, sustain motivation, and encourage active participation among learners. Furthermore, these models and materials should support the development of critical thinking, creativity, and communicative competence — all of which are essential skills in today’s interconnected and rapidly evolving global society.

TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY IN FREESTYLE WRESTLING BASED ON DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF ATTACK AND DEFENSE OF ATHLETES

2025-05-20T03:20:58+00:00

This article provides recommendations on technologies for improving the efficiency of competitive activity based on determining the level of attack and defense of freestyle wrestlers in the training group of the freestyle wrestling department at the Chirchiq Center for Olympic and Paralympic Sports Training. The study results are also presented.