Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

THE ETIMOLOGY OF TABOO AND EUPHEMISMS

2025-10-08T11:41:58+00:00

This article examines the origin of taboo and euphemism and their close interrelation with language and thinking. It highlights that taboo and euphemism are historically and culturally rooted phenomena that evolved alongside the stages of human speech development. Euphemisms are considered as a refined, emotionally expressive means of communication that satisfy the needs of social interaction. The study also explores the ethnographic and ethnolinguistic aspects of taboo and euphemism, emphasizing their role in social control, moral regulation, and the establishment of cultural values.

INFORMATION TO BE ENTERED IN THE DIARY OF INDEPENDENT WEIGHT CONTROL OF THE ATHLETE

2025-10-09T13:21:33+00:00

The article presents a methodology for reducing athletes’ body weight before competitions, based on the analysis of scientific-methodological literature and practical experience in sports. It reveals that this process should be carried out in a planned manner, under strict control, and by using individual graphs of daily weight dynamics. The implementation of this methodology allows wrestlers to improve their working capacity.

MODERN TRENDS IN EXPANDING WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2025-10-08T08:37:55+00:00

This article analyzes modern trends in expanding the participation of women in public administration. Currently, the activity of women in political, economic and social life, based on the principles of gender equality, has become one of the priority areas of state policy. In particular, the participation of women in making management decisions is of great importance not only for strengthening their legal guarantees, but also for ensuring sustainable development and social justice in society. The article analyzes the pedagogical, social and legal conditions for women's participation in leadership positions, their involvement in management in the experience of Uzbekistan and the world. At the same time, the scientific foundations and innovative approaches to developing women's leadership potential and preparing them for management are shown.

COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL TRAINING FOR PARA-SHOOTERS

2025-10-09T11:15:14+00:00

Paralympic shooting, or para-shooting, is a rapidly developing discipline requiring precision, stability, and technical adaptation for athletes with physical disabilities. Despite its growing popularity, there is limited experimental research addressing the structured training of para-shooters. The present study aims to analyze integral components of para-shooting performance and evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week experimental program. Twenty athletes classified as SH1, SH2, and SH-VI participated in the intervention, which targeted stability of hold, aiming accuracy, trigger control, and aiming time. Performance was assessed with optoelectronic SCATT systems and biomechanical monitoring before and after the intervention. Results demonstrated significant improvements across all components (p < 0.05), with trigger control and stability showing the greatest progress. The findings highlight the importance of component-based training in enhancing technical readiness. Practical implications include individualized planning according to classification and systematic use of monitoring tools. This research contributes to developing evidence-based approaches in Paralympic shooting and expands opportunities for athlete inclusion and competitive excellence.

THE ROLE OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION AND TEAMWORK SKILLS

2025-10-10T04:00:57+00:00

This study shows the impact of collaborative learning on the development of communication and teamwork skills among secondary school students in a Presidential school in Jizzakh. The participants were 24 seventh-grade students from two parallel classes, 7 Green and 7 Blue, each consisting of 12 students. Over a four-week intervention, students engaged in collaborative learning strategies, including group projects, peer discussions, and problem-solving tasks. Data were collected through classroom observations, student surveys, and reflective journals. Findings revealed notable improvements in students’ ability to articulate ideas, negotiate roles, and engage in effective teamwork. The study concludes that collaborative learning is a powerful methodology for enhancing essential 21st-century competencies and recommends its integration into modern classroom practice.

THE DEGREE OF INFLUENCE OF SPEED-STRENGTH PREPAREDNESS ON THE MASTERY OF BASIC ELEMENTS IN GYMNASTS AT THE STAGE OF SPECIALIZED TRAINING

2025-10-08T11:32:03+00:00

This work is aimed at developing the speed-strength abilities of gymnasts at the stage of specialized training, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of all-around gymnastics exercises. Based on these indicators, a program for the development of strength qualities has been developed.

INFLUENCE OF “POLYATHLON” ELECTIVE DISCIPLINE ON FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL FITNESS OF “PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT” EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

2025-10-09T13:05:09+00:00

The article considers the problem of the development of physical abilities of students of the “Physical culture and sport” educational program. The author proposes a solution to this problem by incorporating the “Polyathlon” discipline into the students’ curriculum. It was revealed how multi-round training affects the process of forming students’ sports readiness.

ANALYSIS OF GENERAL PHYSICAL FITNESS INDICATORS OF 12–13-YEAR-OLD RUGBY PLAYERS

2025-10-09T11:06:56+00:00

This study is aimed at evaluating and analyzing the general physical fitness indicators of 12–13-year-old rugby players. Rugby is a sport that requires high levels of speed, agility, strength, endurance, and coordination. Therefore, the development of these physical attributes during the initial stage of training is considered crucial.

CHALLENGES IN TEACHING TERMINOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF ICT AND STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING THEM

2025-10-10T03:42:50+00:00

The teaching of terminology in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) presents unique challenges due to the rapid growth of the discipline, the integration of English as the lingua franca, and the limited availability of localized teaching resources. This paper explores the main linguistic, pedagogical, and cultural difficulties faced by learners and teachers of ICT terminology. It also proposes effective strategies for overcoming these challenges, with a particular focus on contextual learning, digital resources, and learner-centered approaches.

METHODOLOGY OF SELECTING SCHOOLCHILDREN FOR SPORTS GAMES THROUGH ACTIVE GAMES

2025-10-08T11:18:23+00:00

The article examines the methodology and effectiveness of selecting schoolchildren for team sports through active games. The research results allow assessing children’s physical fitness and optimizing individual training programs.

FORMATION OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF THE TRAINING GROUP

2025-10-09T12:54:42+00:00

This article analyzes the physical fitness of 13-14 year old football players in a training group. During the research, various tests were used to assess the physical qualities of the football players, reflecting speed, endurance, strength and jumping ability. The results of the experimental and control groups were compared and the average values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation for physical fitness indicators were determined. The obtained research results were analyzed and presented in the article.

METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS

2025-10-09T09:50:37+00:00

This article focuses on the methodology for identifying and assessing the level of emotional intelligence in prospective teachers. It analyzes the importance of emotional intelligence in the process of pedagogical professional training, as well as existing assessment methods, including interactive tests, questionnaires, and self-assessment techniques. The research findings indicate that identifying the level of emotional intelligence among prospective teachers creates opportunities to enhance their readiness for pedagogical activity and to develop their socio-emotional skills.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR DEVELOPING EFL SKILLS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF CHATGPT IN THE LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

2025-10-10T03:31:13+00:00

This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, in developing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) skills within blended learning environments. The article provides a review of existing literature on AI integration in education and presents results from practical classroom applications supporting the development of writing, speaking, reading, and listening skills. Findings indicate that AI-based tools can enhance learner autonomy, language competence, and motivation. The discussion highlights the transformative potential of AI in EFL methodology while also addressing its limitations and ethical considerations.

PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL UPBRINGING IN THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE JADIDS

2025-10-08T11:06:03+00:00

National education is formed on the basis of the moral values and cultural traditions that have developed over centuries within the nation. It serves to nurture the younger generation in the spirit of national consciousness, patriotism, and humanism. The theoretical foundations of national education are reflected in philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, and historical sources. Ideas of national upbringing are distinctly expressed in the Avesta, the Qur’an, the works of Eastern thinkers, and the legacy of Alisher Navoi. At the beginning of the 20th century, Jadid pedagogues introduced innovative approaches to the issues of national education. Avloni, Fitrat, Behbudi, and Munavvarqori emphasized the significance of knowledge, morality, and the comprehensive development of the individual in their works. Their views highlight the harmony between national and universal values as a fundamental principle. The Jadid pedagogical movement advanced the idea of integrating national education into the modern educational process. Today, studying the theoretical foundations of national education in connection with Jadid heritage is an urgent scientific necessity. The findings of such research contribute to strengthening national identity in the upbringing of the younger generation.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ANALYTICAL SKILLS OF HIGHER-GRADE STUDENTS

2025-10-09T11:27:04+00:00

This article discusses the methodology for developing analytical skills in senior high school students. The specific possibilities and features of using various effective methodologies in the process of forming the skill of analyzing works in fiction are studied, ideas and considerations are made about working on a work of fiction in senior high school literature classes, providing students with knowledge, forming skills and qualifications through the formation of reading comprehension, analysis of the work.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF UZBEKISTAN: ISSUES AND PROSPECTS

2025-10-10T11:09:10+00:00

The article analyzes the essential characteristics Tactical training of football players during the period of advanced specialization reveals the age-specific characteristics of 14-15-year-old football players and identifies the means and methods of tactical training for football players in training groups. In global football, football players must precisely execute their speed, technical, and tactical moves. Now, in the world football competitions, alongside European and South American footballers, footballers from other continents also perform at a high level. According to global football experts, Asian football is developing rapidly. This is evidenced by the fact that talented young footballers in East Asian countries are reaching adulthood and successfully playing for the world's top clubs. Their tactical actions, as well as their on-field thinking, are considered by industry experts to be indicative of the model of a modern football player.

WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS AND THEIR IMPACT ON HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY

2025-10-08T11:47:23+00:00

Global university rankings have become a dominant feature in the higher education landscape, shaping institutional strategies, public perception, and policy decisions. While rankings aim to provide benchmarks of quality, their methodologies often prioritize research output, international visibility, and reputation over teaching quality and student experience. This article explores the multifaceted impact of global rankings on higher education quality. It examines how institutions adapt to ranking criteria, sometimes at the expense of broader educational missions such as equity, access, and holistic student development. The paper also considers whether rankings genuinely reflect educational quality or merely reinforce global hierarchies. Findings highlight both the opportunities—such as increased competitiveness, international collaboration, and accountability—and the challenges, including overemphasis on metrics, neglect of local contexts, and pressures on faculty and students. The article concludes that while global rankings can drive improvement in certain areas, they should not be considered the sole indicator of higher education quality, and more comprehensive, context-sensitive approaches are needed.

KINEMATIC INDICATORS OF THE "BLOCK" TECHNICAL MOVEMENT IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS: SHOULDERS, ELBOWS, HIPS, KNEES, AND ANKLES

2025-10-10T03:20:28+00:00

This study examines the kinematic indicators of the blocking technique in volleyball players, focusing on the movement patterns of the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles. Using advanced 3D motion analysis technology, the research provides a detailed evaluation of how these joints contribute to blocking performance. The findings highlight the importance of coordination and flexibility in joint movements to optimize blocking efficiency, enhance performance, and prevent injuries. The analysis includes both upper and lower body mechanics, offering a comprehensive view of the kinematic demands placed on volleyball players during blocking.

EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING A CREATIVE OPEN LESSON EDUCATIONAL MARATHON IN THE SUBJECT “ANCIENT WORLD HISTORY” WITH THE HELP OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2025-10-08T10:48:00+00:00

The article analyzes the possibilities of effectively using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the educational process. The study is based on the experience of the Creative Open Lessons Marathon on the subject “Ancient World History” held in the 2024/2025 academic year with the participation of first-year students of the Faculty of History at Jizzakh State Pedagogical University. Within the framework of the marathon, educational materials prepared using AI tools such as ChatGPT, Google Bard, DALL·E, and Canva were integrated into the learning process. The analysis results demonstrated that the use of AI in education fosters the development of students’ historical-analytical and comparative thinking, independent research skills, and creative potential, as well as increases their interest and motivation toward the subject. At the same time, certain methodological and pedagogical issues were identified. Based on this experience, practical recommendations were developed for using AI in the context of digital transformation in education.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNSHIP PRACTICE IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2025-10-09T11:19:20+00:00

The article analyzes the effectiveness of developing professional knowledge and skills of Physical Education students during their qualification practice. Based on the theory of pedagogical functions, the professional roles and functions of a Physical Education teacher are highlighted. The study is reviewed through the analysis of experimental research results conducted at Jizzakh State Pedagogical University. The findings show that when qualification practice is systematically organized, students’ theoretical and practical training improves significantly.

PROMOTING GROWTH MINDSET IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

2025-10-10T04:11:27+00:00

This article reports on a classroom-based study aimed at promoting growth mindset principles among secondary school students learning English at a Presidential School. Drawing on Carol Dweck’s theory of growth mindset, the study integrated reflective questionnaires, goal-setting tasks, and personalized language activities into regular lessons for students in grades 5, 7, and 8. Data collected through surveys, written reflections, and classroom tasks indicated that students became more engaged, self-aware, and motivated to improve their language skills. Notable outcomes included increased use of reading strategies, clearer goal-setting, and greater confidence in applying grammar and vocabulary in meaningful contexts. The findings suggest that weaving growth mindset practices into language instruction not only enhances linguistic competence but also builds resilience and a positive self-concept among learners. The article concludes by highlighting practical implications for teachers and suggesting areas for further exploration in applying growth mindset in language education.

EFFECTIVENESS OF REHABILITATION FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES THROUGH HIPPOTHERAPY SESSIONS

2025-10-08T11:36:42+00:00

In this article, the effectiveness of improving the health of people with disabilities through hippotherapy sessions was analyzed. The study was conducted with the participation of respondents diagnosed with cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal curvature (scoliosis). The results showed that a two-month hippotherapy program significantly improved motor activity, muscle strength, balance, and posture. This methodology is recommended as an innovative and effective method for the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPORTS RESULTS BY IMPROVING TECHNIQUES IN RUNNING ATHLETICS

2025-10-09T13:14:31+00:00

This article presents the results of a pedagogical study on studying the influence of the level of technical preparedness of short-distance runners on sports results. In it, the ways of identifying and eliminating errors and shortcomings made by short-distance runners were shown, and attention was paid to revealing on the histogram the frequency of hand movement steps in running technique, the length and number of steps, running cadence, the dynamics of results when running every 10 meters of a 100-meter distance, and the degree of influence on sports results.

THE ROLE OF A MODERN PEDAGOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS

2025-10-09T11:10:54+00:00

The article extensively covers the role and importance of information and communication technologies in the effective organization of the educational process in the field of music education. These technologies create new opportunities for teaching music and theoretical subjects, helping students to develop modern, interesting and independent learning processes. The article shows the advantages of using technological tools such as multimedia educational resources, audiovisual materials, music editors, distance learning platforms and virtual museums. The article emphasizes the importance of information and communication technologies in training future music teachers, modernizing the educational process for them and organizing more interesting lesson processes. The importance of information technologies in the development of musical creativity, the role of students in strengthening their analytical thinking and creative approaches, was also recognized.

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AS A TOOL FOR CRITICAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT

2025-10-10T03:47:59+00:00

Project-Based Learning (PBL) has emerged as an innovative pedagogical approach that actively engages students in problem-solving, collaboration, and knowledge construction. Unlike traditional teacher-centered instruction, PBL emphasizes inquiry, exploration, and the application of knowledge to real-world contexts. This article examines the role of PBL in fostering critical thinking skills among learners across different educational levels. It highlights how PBL promotes analytical reasoning, creativity, and decision-making through hands-on projects that require students to evaluate information, formulate hypotheses, and present solutions. The study also discusses the challenges educators face in implementing PBL, such as assessment strategies, resource limitations, and the need for teacher training. Findings suggest that when effectively designed, PBL significantly contributes to the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and lifelong learning competencies, preparing students for academic and professional success in the 21st century.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN THROUGH SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: EFFECTIVENESS AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES

2025-10-08T11:24:58+00:00

This article examines the effectiveness and methodological approaches of providing psychological and emotional support to children through social organizations. The study analyzes the role of non-governmental and community organizations in developing children’s socio-emotional skills, as well as the training programs, seminars, and interactive methods applied in this process. Moreover, examples of effective practices in cooperation with parents and schools are presented. The findings demonstrate that psychological and emotional support delivered by social organizations has a positive impact on children’s socio-emotional development and contributes to the formulation of future methodological recommendations.

THE AUTHOR'S CONCEPTUAL IDEA AS A LITERARY CRITICISM PROBLEM

2025-10-09T12:59:43+00:00

This article examines the author’s conceptual idea as a central problem of literary criticism. The study explores the ways in which the author’s worldview and aesthetic position are manifested within the structure of a literary text, from plot and composition to stylistic and figurative elements. Drawing upon the theories of M. M. Bakhtin, Yuri Lotman, A. Faustov, Roland Barthes, and Paul Ricoeur, the article highlights the dialogic nature of authorship and the polyphonic interaction of voices in a work of art. Special attention is given to the challenges of conveying the author’s conceptual idea in literary translation. The article analyzes different translation theories—dynamic equivalence, Skopos theory, domestication, and foreignization—showing how they approach the preservation of the author’s conceptual model. The findings suggest that the author’s conceptual idea should be understood as a multilayered system of meanings shaped by the interaction of the author, text, and reader, and requiring careful interpretation in translation.

MODULE FOR TRAINING YOUNG BELT WRESTLERS IN TECHNICAL METHODS BASED ON COMPETITION INDICATORS

2025-10-09T11:02:42+00:00

In this study, the effectiveness of the use of innovative training methods in the technical and tactical training of young belt wrestlers was studied. Modern pedagogical technologies, digital tools and interactive educational methods are increasingly integrated into the educational process to accelerate skill acquisition and improve performance. The use of Video analysis allows athletes to detect and correct errors in real time, while interactive applications develop decision-making, balance and coordination depending on the situation. The results show that the systematic implementation of innovative approaches not only increases the quality of technical skill, but also promotes the stabilization of competitive results, increased competitiveness and sustainable development of the sport.

SUBJECT: PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY FOR SHORT-DISTANCE RUNNERS AND INFLUENCE ON SPORTS RESULTS

2025-10-10T03:36:33+00:00

This scientific study investigates the impact of a specially developed training methodology on the athletic performance of adolescent sprinters. Within the context of ongoing educational and sports reforms, the study analyzes the potential for achieving high athletic results through the scientific organization of training sessions, optimal workload distribution, and the comprehensive development of athletes' physical qualities. During the research, an experimental training program was implemented in the test group, and its effectiveness was evaluated using statistical analysis. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the physical fitness indicators of the experimental group athletes, confirming the effectiveness of the developed methodology and its applicability in practice.

INFLUENCE OF ERASMUS+ PROJECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MODERNIZATION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2025-10-08T11:12:38+00:00

This article analyzes the impact of the Erasmus+ capacity-building projects on the development and modernization of the higher professional education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It summarizes the results of collaboration between the country’s universities and European HEIs, as well as HEIs in Central Asia, to establish a position that underscores the importance of integrating the activities of educational organizations. This integration is a prerequisite for enhancing human potential, which is a fundamental component of the socio-economic development of society. Recommendations are provided to optimize the implementation of future initiatives in the field of higher professional education within the framework of the Erasmus+ program.

WAYS OF TERM FORMATION

2025-10-09T12:49:39+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the classification of volleyball terminology from three linguistic perspectives: morphological, semantic, and syntactic. It explores how terms are formed through derivational processes such as prefixation, suffixation, compounding, conversion, and abbreviation. The semantic classification organizes terms based on their meanings, categorizing them into functional groups such as actions, player roles, equipment, rules, and strategies. The syntactic classification analyzes the grammatical roles of volleyball terms, identifying them as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or compound phrases. The study underscores the importance of such classifications in language teaching, terminological research, and the development of educational materials in sports linguistics. It also highlights how a structured approach to terminology enhances vocabulary acquisition and supports the standardization of sports language.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS LEVEL AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE LONG JUMPERS

2025-10-08T20:22:57+00:00

This study examines and analyzes the dynamics of the relationship between physical fitness levels and sports performance in female long jumpers, based on the effective means and methods of organizing training sessions. In the research, training loads were developed and applied in practice, taking into account the individual capabilities of female long jumpers and the content of their multi-year training stages.

DEVELOPING THE CREATIVITY OF FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS THROUGH MUSIC THEORY COURSES

2025-10-10T03:26:25+00:00

In today’s rapidly developing world, improving education is impossible without integrating various forms of innovation into the teaching process. Music education plays a crucial role in shaping the spirituality, culture, aesthetic taste, and worldview of children in preschool and general secondary education, placing special responsibility on educators. This article emphasizes that, given the preparation of highly qualified teachers in higher education institutions, enhancing the creativity of future music teachers remains an important issue. The significance of theoretical music disciplines, particularly the fundamentals of music, in fostering the creativity of future music teachers is explored. The study concludes that developing creativity among future educators in higher education contributes to improving the effectiveness of their professional activities and ensures the comprehensive development of the younger generation, which represents the future of our country. Additionally, reflections on the role of creativity in the activities of future music teachers are presented. To improve the system for enhancing the creativity of future music teachers, the article examines the systematization of music-theoretical subjects in the training of undergraduate students in the “Music Education” program. It also explores the didactic potential of these subjects and presents scientific research on this topic.

THE METHODOLOGY OF DEVELOPING TRAINING TYPES OF QUALIFIED FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS

2025-10-08T11:00:15+00:00

This article analyzes the methodology of developing the general and special physical training of qualified female basketball players. According to the research results, regular training significantly improves endurance, speed, and strength qualities, thereby ensuring game efficiency. This approach plays an important role in achieving high results in athletes’ competitive activities.

DIFFERENCES IN UZBEK TRANSLATIONS OF THE NOVEL "THE ALCHEMIST": LEXICAL, SEMANTIC, ILLUSTRATIONAL

2025-10-09T11:23:27+00:00

This article presents a comparative analysis of three Uzbek translations of Paulo Coelho's celebrated novel "The Alchemist." Using methods of linguistic, poetic, semantic, and cultural analysis, the author demonstrates how lexical choice, the method of expressing images, and the influence of the intermediary language (Russian) influence translation. The study compares the translations of Ozod Sharafiddinov, Akhmad Otaboy, and Aziz Said, examining their differences in style, semantics, imagery, and readership. The article concludes that translating philosophical works of fiction is not simply a word substitution, but a complex cultural act requiring a deep understanding of the text and the reader's cultural environment.

TACTICAL TRAINING METHODOLOGY FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS DURING THE PERIOD OF ADVANCED SPECIALIZATION

2025-10-10T10:59:58+00:00