Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING THE TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING OF HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT ATHLETES AT THE INITIAL TRAINING STAGE

2026-07-16T04:53:14+00:00

This article examines the scientific and methodological foundations for improving the technical-tactical training of hand-to-hand combat athletes at the initial training stage. The study analyzed the possibilities of developing technical-tactical stability through step-by-step movement instruction, game-based exercises, paired and small-group situational tasks, and control exercises. The obtained results showed that the integrated formation of technical and tactical elements at the initial stage helps athletes master striking, defensive, and counterattacking actions more quickly. The proposed methodology improves the effectiveness of the training process, strengthens competition readiness, and forms stable motivation in young athletes.

CORRELATIONS OF SECONDARY PARTICLES IN MULTIPLE PROCESSES

2026-07-17T17:50:58+00:00

Three methods for analyzing the processes of interaction of particles and nuclei at high energies are described: exclusive, inclusive and eventual. The advantages of each of these methods are listed. The importance of studying the processes of multiple particle production in particle collisions at high energies is substantiated. Theoretical models are presented, with the predictions of which the experimental data are compared. Theoretical models - FRITIOF-1, the additive quark model (AQM) and the dual parton model (DPM) predict significant cross sections of resonance production, which is confirmed by the experiment. The experiment showed that the magnitude and shape of the correlation function are similar at all four energies used in the study. It is concluded that the mechanism responsible for correlations in the final multiparticle state is the same throughout the entire energy range under consideration.

DEVELOPING POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD CHANGING LEARNING CONDITIONS AMONG THIRD- AND FOURTH-YEAR PEDAGOGY STUDENTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

2026-07-15T16:12:48+00:00

The present article addresses the pedagogically significant challenge of cultivating positive attitudes among third- and fourth-year bachelor's degree students enrolled in pedagogy and educational methodology programmes toward the continuously changing conditions of contemporary higher education. Amid the accelerating transformation of educational environments — driven by digitalization, the proliferation of hybrid and remote learning formats, frequent curricular revisions, and the growing demands of competency-based education — the ability of students to maintain constructive, open, and proactively adaptive orientations toward change has emerged as a critical determinant of academic success and professional readiness. This study reports the design, implementation, and outcomes of a systematic pedagogical experiment conducted over one academic year at a higher education institution in Uzbekistan. One hundred and twenty third- and fourth-year pedagogy students were distributed into an experimental group and a control group of sixty participants each. The experimental group participated in a specially developed instructional programme incorporating growth mindset cultivation activities, scenario-based adaptability training, reflective professional portfolio practices, peer collaborative problem-solving sessions, and formative feedback mechanisms. The control group followed the standard curriculum without modification. Pre-test and post-test diagnostic assessments were administered using a validated multi-criteria instrument measuring four principal dimensions: cognitive openness to educational change, emotional-motivational orientation toward academic challenge, behavioral adaptability in learning situations, and professional identity resilience. The results demonstrate statistically significant and practically meaningful improvements across all four dimensions in the experimental group, whereas the control group exhibited only marginal progress. The article elaborates on the theoretical grounding of the study, presents the methodological design of the experimental programme, analyzes quantitative findings with supporting comparative tables, and offers evidence-based recommendations for pedagogical practice and curriculum development in higher education.

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE GENERAL PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS AT THE TRAINING GROUP STAGE

2026-07-17T11:54:40+00:00

This article examines the general physical qualities of female volleyball players at the training-group stage in sports schools across districts, identifies the physical qualities that are lagging behind in development, and proposes methods for their improvement. In addition, recommendations aimed at enhancing their athletic performance have been developed.

ANALYSIS OF PLANNING LOADS DIRECTED AT DEVELOPING STRENGTH AND SPEED-STRENGTH IN THE ANNUAL TRAINING CYCLE OF 16–17-YEAR-OLD FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2026-07-16T04:41:58+00:00

This article analyzes the structural composition of training and competitive loads of 16–17-year-old football players training in a football academy. Indicators of load volume, direction, specialization, and coordination complexity were evaluated using the "Polar Team Pro" technology. The results indicate that the volume of training loads aimed at developing speed-and-strength qualities is not sufficiently prioritized, with a distinct emphasis remaining on mixed-direction loads. Furthermore, a low level of coordination complexity and a lack of individualization in training loads were observed. Accordingly, the necessity of introducing specialized microcycles based on individual physiological parameters to optimize the training load structure is substantiated.

PHASE-SPECIFIC JOINT ANGLE VALUES DURING A LEFT-HAND STRAIGHT PUNCH TO THE BODY IN STUDENT BOXERS

2026-07-17T17:03:08+00:00

This study investigated the phase-specific joint angle dynamics during the execution of a left-hand straight punch to the body in student boxers. Measurements were conducted across the main movement phases—contact, lift-off, knee lift, mid-swing, and mid-support. For each phase, hip, knee, and ankle flexion/extension angles were determined relative to the vertical axis, and their phase-dependent variability was assessed. The results demonstrated that during the execution of a left-hand straight punch, dynamic flexion/extension angles of the hip and knee joints reach their maximum values in the mid-swing phase, contributing to increased punch force and velocity. Differences between the right and left joints were also observed, indicating asymmetric but functionally coordinated movement patterns. Joint angles referenced to the vertical axis played a significant role in ensuring movement stability and punching effectiveness. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of training recommendations aimed at optimizing punching technique and improving strike mechanics in pedagogical and sports training processes for boxers.

THE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF DEVELOPING COORDINATION ABILITIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2026-07-16T17:28:07+00:00

The article examines the content and essence of the development of coordination skills in extracurricular physical education lessons for primary school students, as well as the results of pedagogical experiments using special physical exercises.

IMPROVING THE ANALYTICAL AND REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FUTURE HISTORY TEACHERS THROUGH DIGITAL RESOURCES

2026-07-16T04:23:05+00:00

The article investigates the pedagogical problem of improving the analytical and reflective activity of future history teachers through the purposeful use of digital resources in higher education. The study focuses on the didactic potential of digital history, electronic archives, interactive maps, virtual museums, multimedia materials, learning management systems and other educational platforms. Analytical activity is interpreted as the ability of students to work with historical sources, verify their reliability, compare different interpretations, identify cause-and-effect relations, and formulate evidence-based conclusions. Reflective activity is considered as the student’s capacity to understand his or her own learning process, evaluate the effectiveness of selected sources and digital tools, recognize difficulties, and plan further professional growth. The article substantiates a methodological mechanism that includes the creation of a problem-based learning situation, selection and verification of digital sources, analytical processing of information, interpretation of historical data, and reflective assessment of the obtained results. The research also emphasizes that digital resources should not be reduced to illustrative materials only; rather, they should become instruments for developing historical thinking, information literacy, media literacy, metacognitive skills and professional self-improvement. The conclusion argues that the integration of analysis and reflection in digital history education is a significant condition for preparing competent, critical and innovative history teachers.

DIGITAL COMPETENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHING: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES

2026-07-17T16:38:03+00:00

The accelerating integration of digital technologies into contemporary educational systems has fundamentally transformed the professional demands placed upon primary school teachers, rendering digital competence a non-negotiable component of effective pedagogical practice at the foundational stage of schooling. This article presents a comprehensive theoretical and analytical review of the concept of digital competence as it applies specifically to the professional activity of primary school teachers, examining its definitional evolution, structural dimensions, internationally recognized frameworks, and practical implementation approaches within the primary education context. Drawing on a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature, international policy documents, and comparative educational research, the article first traces the conceptual development of digital competence from early information and communication technology (ICT) literacy frameworks through to contemporary multidimensional models, with particular reference to the European DigComp 2.2 framework, UNESCO's ICT Competency Framework for Teachers, and the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) model. The article then examines the specific manifestations and demands of digital competence within primary school teaching practice, addressing the integration of digital tools in literacy and numeracy instruction, the pedagogical use of interactive learning environments, the ethical dimensions of digital education with young learners, and the cultivation of foundational digital literacy among primary-age children.

MODERN BIOMECHANICAL METHODS FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR APPLICATION AMONG UZBEK ATHLETES

2026-07-16T17:04:27+00:00

Artistic gymnastics is one of the sports with a high risk of injury. Research shows that 91.4% of gymnasts sustain at least one injury during a single season, and 60–70% of these injuries are caused by overuse. This article analyzes the biomechanical causes of injuries in artistic gymnastics, modern monitoring methods (force plates, inertial sensors, neuromuscular training), and prevention strategies. It also reviews the prospects of implementing these methods for the Uzbek national team and young athletes. The results demonstrate that biomechanical monitoring combined with proper landing technique can reduce injury rates by 20–40%. The article provides practical recommendations for sports science and coaching systems in Uzbekistan.

GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF ADDRESS UNITS

2026-07-18T05:32:55+00:00

This article discusses the fact that address units are used within a sentence and indicate to whom or to what the appeal is being made, while vocative sentences consist solely of an address and represent independent sentences that can be used on their own.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN INTERPRETATION IN LITERARY ANALYSIS: THE LIMITS OF AUTOMATED UNDERSTANDING OF METAPHOR, CONTEXT AND NARRATIVE NUANCE

2026-07-15T17:01:22+00:00

This article examines the role of artificial intelligence in literary analysis, with particular attention to the limits of automated interpretation in relation to metaphor, context and narrative nuance. Modern AI systems can process large volumes of literary data, identify lexical patterns, classify emotional tone and support structural analysis. However, literary interpretation requires more than pattern recognition. It involves cultural memory, historical awareness, aesthetic sensitivity, ambiguity, irony and the reader’s subjective experience. The article follows the IMRAD structure and analyses AI as an auxiliary instrument rather than an autonomous interpreter. The study argues that artificial intelligence may significantly enhance philological research by accelerating technical procedures and revealing hidden textual regularities, but it cannot fully replace human hermeneutic judgement. The most productive model is therefore a hybrid approach in which computational tools support, but do not dominate, human literary interpretation.

OLYMPIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF UZBEK BOXERS: HISTORICAL SUCCESS, CURRENT CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

2026-07-17T12:11:22+00:00

Uzbekistan has emerged as one of the world’s leading boxing nations in the 21st century. Since gaining independence, Uzbek boxers have achieved remarkable success at the Olympic Games, winning multiple gold, silver, and bronze medals. This article provides a comprehensive historical analysis of Uzbek boxing performance at the Olympic Games from 1996 to 2024, examining the evolution of results, medal trends, and key factors contributing to success.

The study reveals that Uzbekistan won a total of 11 Olympic medals in boxing (4 gold, 4 silver, and 3 bronze) between 2000 and 2024, placing the country among the top boxing nations globally. Notable achievements include gold medals by Alexander Dos Santos (2000), Rustam Saidov (2004), and recent successes in Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024. The article identifies key contributing factors such as strong state support, systematic talent identification, advanced training methodologies, and the development of a professional coaching system.

Furthermore, the study outlines strategic objectives for the 2028 Los Angeles and 2032 Brisbane Olympic Games. These include increasing the number of gold medals, expanding participation across all weight categories, and establishing Uzbekistan as a consistent top-5 boxing nation. Challenges such as intense international competition, weight management issues, and the need for further scientific support in training are also discussed. This research provides valuable insights for sports policymakers and coaches aiming to sustain and enhance Uzbek boxing’s Olympic legacy.

POETIC SYNTAX OF INCOMPLETE SENTENCES

2026-07-16T04:57:49+00:00

This article discusses the poetic possibilities in artistic speech of incomplete sentences, which arise as a result of the phenomenon of ellipsis—a manifestation of the principle of economy in language use.

THE SIGNIFICANCE AND RELEVANCE OF USING THE SPSS STATISTICAL PROGRAM IN SPORTS ACTIVITIES

2026-07-17T17:56:50+00:00

Mathematical statistics provides the foundation for developing approaches that help identify the most effective solutions when dealing with random and unpredictable factors affecting a system. In sports research, processing the collected data using statistical methods is an essential step.

Among the tools for conducting analysis in the humanities, the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) system is one of the leading options. The SPSS Statistics package is a powerful platform for performing complex analyses and includes a wide range of methods, such as non-parametric tests, as well as univariate and multivariate procedures. This program can be used to calculate various descriptive statistics, such as the median, mode, mean, and standard deviation, and to utilize a number of specialized functions. Furthermore, the system has functionality for grouping data according to specified criteria, creating hierarchical data structures, and analyzing correlations using various measurement methods.

One of the significant advantages of SPSS is its support for a multitude of distribution laws. The base version provides a module for analyzing linear and nonlinear dependencies. The availability of a large number of built-in and add-on modules makes the user's work considerably more convenient and efficient.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACQUIRING ENGLISH AS A NATIVE LANGUAGE VS. LEARNING IT AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

2026-07-15T16:50:43+00:00

This article looks into the differences in factors like environment, instruction, and age that impact the development of language. The author employs a comparative analysis based on literature and pedagogical observations to shed […] light on the differences in fluency levels and grammar and pronunciation accuracy. The findings show that the acquisition of native language is largely automatic and effortless as opposed to the second language which is more dependent on many factors like age, motivation, and the set instructional strategies.

IMPROVING COACHING ACTIVITY BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE «LEADER–COACH» 6 MODEL METHODOLOGIES AND THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION (THE CASE OF BASKETBALL)

2026-07-17T11:59:31+00:00

The article provides an experimental justification of the effectiveness of six systematic methodologies (TF“IS”2 two-year strategic planning, DIM/1+7 internal league competitions, TF–Y8 analysis and renewal of coaching activity, RT/N+10 digital technologies and non-standard equipment, RAMP-17 — rating and reward system, XMI+2/20 international standard indicators) of the “Leader–Coach” 6 model, aimed at improving coaching activity based on a systematic approach, and develops the mechanisms for implementing the model in sports practice. The experiment was conducted in several regions of Uzbekistan, involving more than 120 basketball coaches and about 400 young athletes, comparing experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups. The results revealed statistically significant improvement in the experimental group (P<0.05–0.001) and unreliable changes in the control group (P>0.05). The high effectiveness, alignment with international standards and practical significance of the model were confirmed.

REACTION TIME, MOVEMENT EFFICIENCY, AND FUNCTIONAL SYMMETRY CHARACTERISTICS OF ELITE FEMALE BOXERS ASSESSED USING THE QUICK BOARD SYSTEM

2026-07-16T04:48:12+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate neuromotor performance, reaction time, movement efficiency, and lower-limb functional asymmetry in elite female boxers using the Quick Board assessment system. A total of nine elite female boxers participated in the study. Overall performance score, Foot Fire performance, left and right lower-limb reaction times, movement-efficiency scores, and functional symmetry indices were analyzed. The results demonstrated substantial inter-individual variability in neuromotor readiness, with total Quick Board scores ranging from 1207 to 3868 points. The highest overall performance was observed in S.T. (3868 points), whereas A.Ya. demonstrated the lowest score (1207 points). Mean reaction times were 0.819 ± 0.148 s and 0.811 ± 0.245 s for the left and right lower limbs, respectively. Functional symmetry analysis revealed clinically relevant asymmetries in several athletes, particularly F.F. (68.5%), N.O. (70.2%), and R.Q. (75.0%). Athletes with higher overall scores generally exhibited faster reaction times, greater movement efficiency, and superior bilateral symmetry. The findings indicate that Quick Board assessment provides a comprehensive evaluation of neuromotor readiness and may be effectively used for individualized training prescription, identification of functional deficits, performance optimization, and injury-risk reduction in elite female boxing.

EDUCATOR 2.0: A HYBRID MODEL OF AI-AUGMENTED TEACHING IN THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ECOSYSTEM

2026-07-17T17:08:34+00:00

The article examines the Educator 2.0 model as a hybrid framework for AI-augmented teaching in the contemporary digital educational ecosystem. The study focuses on the changing role of the teacher in conditions where generative artificial intelligence, AI chatbots, digital avatars and adaptive learning systems are increasingly integrated into pedagogical practice. Based on a conceptual analysis of the Educator 2.0 presentation and recent scientific literature, the article identifies the main functional components of the model: AI-supported lesson design, automated routine assistance, personalized learning cycles, voice-based interaction, avatar-mediated practice and ethical risk management. The findings show that AI can reduce teachers’ routine workload, support individualized instruction and create additional opportunities for language practice. However, the model emphasizes that artificial intelligence should not replace the teacher, since human pedagogical judgement, empathy, ethical responsibility and contextual interpretation remain central to educational quality. The article concludes that Educator 2.0 represents a professionally supervised hybrid ecosystem in which AI expands instructional possibilities while the teacher preserves the leading role in learner development.

METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL MOVEMENT ELEMENTS TO BADMINTON PLAYERS AT THE INITIAL TRAINING STAGE

2026-07-17T02:32:49+00:00

This study investigated the effectiveness of a station-based training methodology aimed at improving the technical and tactical preparedness of young badminton players during the initial training stage. The research focused on assessing the impact of structured station exercises on stroke accuracy, movement coordination, decision-making speed, and the ability to apply tactical actions during competitive play. The developed training program consisted of several specialized stations, each designed to target specific technical and tactical skills. The volume, intensity, and work-to-rest ratios of exercises were planned according to the age-related characteristics and training level of the participants. A pedagogical experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results demonstrated that systematic implementation of station-based training significantly improved the athletes’ ability to perform technical strokes accurately and consistently. Furthermore, the training approach positively influenced special physical fitness, agility, coordination abilities, and the integration of technical and tactical actions under game conditions. The findings indicate that station-based training provides an effective pedagogical tool for optimizing the training process of young badminton players and enhancing their overall sports performance. The study highlights the practical value of incorporating structured station exercises into long-term athlete development programs in badminton.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MODERN PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES IN ASSESSING ATHLETES’ FUNCTIONAL STATUS

2026-07-16T04:27:21+00:00

This article analyzes the significance of modern physiological monitoring technologies used in the assessment of athletes’ functional status. Theoretical foundations of sports physiology, mechanisms of adaptation to physical exercise, functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), lactate diagnostics, and methods for evaluating neuromuscular function are discussed. The study demonstrates that comprehensive assessment of functional status enables the individualization of training programs, prevention of excessive physiological strain, optimization of recovery processes, and enhancement of athletic performance.

CORRELATION OF INDICATORS OF 12-14 YOUNG PLAYERS IN THE CONTINUATION OF THE COMPETITION WITH THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING

2026-07-17T16:56:50+00:00

In the article technical and tactical development of young players revealed the issues of training in skills so that they can perfectly demonstrate their technical and psychological training during competitions. It is illuminated that the effectiveness of teaching technical and psychological training from an early age does not fully meet the requirements of today's times of training, which is reflected in the current training programs.

COMMON FEATURES OF THE POETRY OF THE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD

2026-07-16T17:08:40+00:00

This article examines the long-standing brotherhood of the Turkic peoples and their literary relations. It explores the commonalities and distinctive features in the poetry of the young poet Eldorbek Tatiyev, an Honored Cultural Worker of Kazakhstan, whose творчество has been inspired by and creatively influenced by the patriotic classical poems and odes of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi, as well as the outstanding representatives of twentieth-century Uzbek literature Hamid Olimjon, Erkin Vohidov, Abdulla Oripov, and Muhammad Yusuf. Particular attention is devoted to the poetic resonance between Tatiyev’s works and the profound lines of the poem “The Nightingales Returned to the Gardens of Uzbekistan”, written by the Hero of Uzbekistan Erkin Vohidov during the first years of the country's independence. In addition, the article analyzes vivid poetic examples demonstrating how universal humanistic ideas and values, characteristic of the works of renowned poets Usmon Azim and Shavkat Rahmon, are expressed through a high level of poetic mastery.

PROGRESSIVE STEP-BY-STEP METHODS FOR ENHANCING TECHNICAL MASTERY IN GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS

2026-07-16T04:15:34+00:00

The effectiveness of Greco-Roman wrestlers in executing technical actions is closely interrelated with their level of physical fitness, movement coordination, balance, and dynamic strength. In this process, the use of systematically structured, step-by-step training programs is considered the most important methodological approach for achieving technical mastery. These programs are designed to progressively develop and refine technical skills, taking into account each wrestler’s age, stage of preparation, physical condition, and psychological readiness.

The step-by-step mastery system is a methodical sequence that begins with the simple forms of technical actions and gradually progresses toward more complex combinations, while strengthening movement automation and tactical coordination. In the initial stage, athletes develop a clear understanding of the technical movements, including the correct trajectory of motion, body balance, and the harmonious coordination of arm and leg actions. In the subsequent stage, these movements are repeatedly practiced through specialized exercises until a certain level of automation is achieved. In the final stage, the focus shifts to applying these actions in real competitive situations, adapting to the opponent, and developing the ability to make effective tactical decisions.

When assessing technical performance, the wrestler’s level of technical mastery serves as the primary criterion. This level is determined by the richness of their technical arsenal, the ability to execute movements accurately and timely, the speed and duration of actions, and most importantly, the effectiveness of these movements in training and competitive environments. It is not merely the quantity of technical actions that matters, but rather the high quality of their execution and their successful application under real competitive conditions.

MODERN DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES IN BOXING AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS: BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS, INJURY PREVENTION, AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

2026-07-17T12:17:43+00:00

Defense is one of the most critical components of modern boxing, determining not only competitive success but also the long-term health and career longevity of athletes. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary defensive techniques in boxing, including slipping, rolling, blocking, parrying, shoulder roll (Philly Shell), and peek-a-boo style. Through biomechanical evaluation and statistical data from elite competitions, the study examines the effectiveness of these techniques in reducing punches landed, minimizing impact force, and preventing injuries, particularly head trauma and concussions.

The results indicate that advanced defensive systems, such as the shoulder roll employed by Floyd Mayweather Jr., can reduce the opponent’s punch landing rate to as low as 16–19%, significantly lower than the average in professional boxing. Biomechanical studies show that proper head movement and shoulder deflection effectively dissipate impact energy, decreasing the risk of traumatic brain injuries. The article also discusses practical applications for training programs, with special recommendations for Uzbek boxers aiming for international success.This research highlights the need to shift from traditional blocking-dominant defense toward more dynamic, movement-based defensive strategies in modern boxing training. Implementing these methods can enhance both athletic performance and athlete safety.

INDIVIDUAL BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBAT MANEUVER FOOTWORK IN ELITE AMATEUR BOXERS: A QUICK BOARD ASSESSMENT

2026-07-16T05:07:20+00:00

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics of elite boxer Iqboljon Kholdorov using the Quick Board system. The assessment focused on lower-limb reaction time, ground contact time, movement accuracy, bilateral symmetry, and agility performance. The athlete underwent a standardized Quick Board testing protocol consisting of Stagger Step, Double Leg React, and Foot Fire tasks. The results demonstrated excellent agility performance, with an overall Agility Rating of 3135 and outstanding Foot Fire performance (109 repetitions without errors). Bilateral analysis revealed a considerable asymmetry in reaction time, whereas movement accuracy and symmetry remained high. These findings indicate that Quick Board technology provides valuable objective information for identifying individual neuromuscular characteristics, detecting functional asymmetries, and optimizing sport-specific footwork performance. The obtained results may contribute to the development of individualized biomechanics-based training programs for elite boxers and facilitate the transition from amateur to professional boxing.

E.G. ERIKSON'S THEORY OF IDENTITY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPARATIVE LITERARY STUDIES

2026-07-17T18:02:47+00:00

The present article offers a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of Erik H. Erikson's theory of identity, examining its foundational principles, historical context, and relevance across multiple academic disciplines. The study investigates Erikson's epigenetic model of psychosocial development, tracing the evolution of identity formation through the eight stages of human life. Erikson's contributions are situated within broader theoretical frameworks, including comparative analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic model and Erich Fromm's social-character theory. The research examines the sociological dimension of identity through the lens of Henri Tajfel and John C. Turner's Social Identity Theory, alongside classical sociological perspectives articulated by Émile Durkheim, Peter L. Berger, Thomas Luckmann, George Herbert Mead, and Erving Goffman. The philosophical underpinnings of identity are explored through Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and Ivan Ilyin's cultural-philosophical thought. The article also incorporates contributions of Russian-language scholars, including Leokadia Drobizheva, Vladimir Yadov, and Lidiya Schneider, whose research enriches the interdisciplinary understanding of identity in the post-Soviet academic context. The findings illuminate the multidimensional nature of identity construction and are discussed in the context of comparative literary studies, demonstrating the relevance of Erikson's theoretical framework for analysing literary representations of identity in multicultural texts, with particular reference to the works of N. Scott Momaday and T. Kaipbergenov.

SEMANTIC EVOLUTION OF THE GERMAN ANTHROPONYMIC SYSTEM

2026-07-15T16:56:09+00:00

This article examines the semantic evolution of the German anthroponymic system and the factors influencing changes in the meanings of personal names. Particular attention is paid to the processes of semantic broadening, semantic narrowing, appellativization, and the transformation of common nouns into proper names. The study also explores the social, historical, and cultural factors that affect the emotional and evaluative connotations of anthroponyms. The findings demonstrate that German personal names constitute a dynamic linguistic subsystem reflecting both language development and cultural change.

METHODOLOGY OF IMPROVING BALL-KICKING TECHNIQUE IN 13–14-YEAR-OLD YOUNG FOOTBALLERS USING STATIC AND DYNAMIC EXERCISES

2026-07-17T12:06:11+00:00

The article proposes a methodology for improving ball-kicking technique in 13–14-year-old young footballers based on the «Static–Dynamic Technical Training Integrated Model» (SDTTI-Model), which combines static (statodynamic) and dynamic (plyometric) exercises through the contrast-training principle (PAP effect), implemented as a 24-week training programme. The study involved 205 young footballers from four sport bases (experimental group n=103, control n=102). The 12-week interim results showed that in the experimental group the 11-m kicking accuracy increased on average by 7.5–8.25%, the 6-min run by 78–85.8 m (P<0.001), whereas in the control group no statistically significant changes were observed (P>0.05). The developed SDTTI-Model and the 24-week programme are recommended as an effective pedagogical tool in youth football practice.