Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

COGNITIVE FEATURES OF INDIRECT NOMINATION IN THE TEXT

2026-02-01T02:00:00+00:00

This article analyzes the cognitive features of indirect nomination in the text (figurative nomination, for example, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, periphrasis, and allegory). Emphasizing the connection of language with human mental activity, it shows that indirect nomination, unlike direct nomination, conveys meaning through comparison, association, conceptual integration, and activation of background knowledge. Based on examples, it compares different types and details their cognitive functions – forming associative chains, expressiveness and evaluation, emotional loading, attracting attention, defamiliarization effect. The article discusses the cultural and psycholinguistic significance of indirect nomination, as well as its application in literature, journalism, and everyday speech, and analyzes it based on cognitive linguistics theories (Lakoff and Johnson). As a result, it is emphasized that these nominations are not simple stylistic tools, but cognitive processes that reveal the complex mechanisms of the human mind and help in deep processing of information.

FUNDAMENTALS OF VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT “DESTINY” IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

2026-02-01T09:22:54+00:00

The article discusses the issues of representation of verbalizing language units of the concept of “destiny” in English, Uzbek, and Russian culture in modern linguistics. The article also examines in detail the issues of the ratio of important universal and national aspects present in concepts for describing the concept of “destiny” in different systematic languages, the presence of the concept of “destiny” in mythological, religious, philosophical, and ethnic systems, the fact that the concept of “destiny” in Russian and English is one of the models of the Indo-European worldview, which determines the need to study fate in a single conceptual space of common Indo-European culture.

THE CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUALISM IN ROMANTICISM

2026-02-01T17:52:46+00:00

This article presents a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the concept of individualism as the ideological and aesthetic core of Romanticism. Emerging in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Romanticism represented a decisive break from Enlightenment rationalism and classical formalism, placing the individual human subject at the center of literary and philosophical inquiry. Through the IMRAD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), this study examines the historical, philosophical, and literary foundations of Romantic individualism, its manifestation in major Romantic texts, and its lasting influence on modern literary thought. By emphasizing emotional authenticity, imaginative freedom, and subjective experience, Romanticism reshaped notions of selfhood, creativity, and authorship in ways that continue to shape contemporary literature and cultural identity.

A SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH PEDAGOGICAL, MANAGEMENT, AND SYSTEMS-BASED APPROACHES

2026-02-01T01:15:48+00:00

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the concept of educational process effectiveness in higher education institutions within the frameworks of pedagogical, management, and systems approaches. The research findings elucidate the conceptual essence of educational process effectiveness and its interconnections with learning outcomes, management mechanisms, and systemic components. The pedagogical approach highlights the didactic and competency-based foundations of effectiveness, while the management approach focuses on aspects related to resource management and quality management. The systems approach, in turn, demonstrates the interactions among the structural elements of the educational process. As a result of the study, an integrated conceptual model of educational process effectiveness is proposed.

REVEALING SOCIAL IDENTITY THROUGH DIALECT-SPECIFIC LEXICAL UNITS: A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK

2026-02-01T07:22:37+00:00

This article provides a comparative analysis of the sociolinguistic characteristics of dialect-specific lexical units in English and Uzbek and their role in shaping and expressing social identity. The study is conducted on the basis of corpus linguistics and sociolinguistic approaches, using data from the British National Corpus (BNC), the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and the Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) for English, as well as electronic texts, dialectological sources, and samples of authentic spoken discourse for Uzbek. The results of the study show that dialect-specific lexical units in both languages serve as important linguistic indicators of a speaker’s regional, social, and cultural affiliation. While dialect vocabulary in English is more closely associated with age and social group factors, in Uzbek it primarily functions to reinforce regional and cultural identity. The scientific novelty of the article lies in interpreting dialect-specific lexis as an active constructor of social identity and in applying a comparative corpus-based approach to English and Uzbek.

ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY AMONG COACHES ON TECHNICAL-TACTICAL ACTIONS AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS

2026-02-01T13:41:31+00:00

This scientific article analyzes the role of physical education and sports, particularly combat sports, in promoting a healthy lifestyle. The study highlights the importance of technical and tactical preparedness of Greco-Roman wrestlers, as well as the significance of performing movements accurately and effectively during high-intensity competitions. Pedagogical observations revealed that athletes lack well-developed skills in executing unexpected technical actions and maintaining balance during lifts involving turns or rotations. To examine this issue, a survey was conducted among 80 specialist coaches. The findings demonstrate the necessity of integrating modern scientific and methodological approaches into the training process and contribute to the development of recommendations for improving the technical and tactical mastery of Greco-Roman wrestlers.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2026-02-02T08:45:41+00:00

The article discusses the role of intercultural communication in foreign language teaching in the context of globalization and digitalization of education. Traditional and interculturally oriented teaching models are analyzed, and the cognitive, behavioral and affective components of intercultural communicative competence are identified. It is shown that traditional linguocentric approaches are limited to the formal acquisition of grammar and vocabulary and do not sufficiently develop the ability to interpret cultural differences. Interculturally oriented models include authentic texts, role-playing games, and virtual forms of interaction, which contribute to the development of critical thinking, empathy, and reflective competence. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the digitalization of the education process, including online platforms and multimodel tasks, on the formation of intercultural competence. The conclusion is made about the need for systematic integration of the intercultural component into foreign language teaching, including methodological support, pedagogical reflection, and digital adaptation. The result of the study is of practical importance for teachers, educational institutions, and developers of methodological programs.

KINEMATIC, KINETIC, AND ANTHROPOMETRIC DETERMINANTS OF THE COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

2026-02-01T01:50:56+00:00

This study investigates the biomechanical characteristics of the countermovement jump in volleyball players based on kinematic, kinetic, and anthropometric indicators. Parameters of center of gravity motion, joint angles, vertical ground reaction forces, and mechanical work were analyzed during the preparation, flight, and landing phases. The results demonstrate relatively stable jump height, center of gravity velocity, and mechanical work output, indicating homogeneous explosive performance among athletes. During landing, the knee and ankle joints played a dominant role in impact absorption, while increased variability in frontal and transverse plane motions reflected individual stabilization strategies. These findings provide valuable insights for improving jumping technique and reducing injury risk in volleyball players performing repeated high-intensity vertical actions.

APPLICATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

2026-02-01T08:00:38+00:00

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations and practical importance of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of physical education. It demonstrates that modern digital tools—mobile applications, interactive platforms, virtual training programs, biometric monitoring systems, and multimedia resources—serve as significant factors in improving the effectiveness of physical education classes. The research results confirm that ICT encourages students’ physical activity, enables the individualization of training sessions, and enhances the quality of management and assessment of the educational process. Recommendations for integrating ICT into the physical education system have also been developed.

LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF ARCHETYPES IN FANTASY LITERATURE

2026-02-01T14:30:39+00:00

Fantasy literature relies heavily on archetypal patterns to construct recognizable characters, narratives, and symbolic worlds. While archetypes have been extensively examined from mythological, psychological, and literary perspectives, their linguistic realization remains comparatively underexplored. This article investigates how archetypal figures are linguistically represented in fantasy discourse, focusing on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and J. K. Rowling. Employing a qualitative linguistic approach, the study analyzes lexical, syntactic, and discourse-pragmatic features that contribute to the construction of archetypal roles such as the Hero, the Mentor, and the Antagonist. The analysis is based on selected passages from The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and the Harry Potter series, examined in their original English form. The findings demonstrate that archetypes in fantasy are not merely narrative abstractions but are systematically encoded through recurrent linguistic patterns that guide reader interpretation and emotional engagement. By foregrounding the linguistic dimension of archetypal representation, the article contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of fantasy as a genre in which language functions as a central mechanism of mythic continuity and narrative coherence.

SPEECH ACTS, SPEECH GENRES, AND COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES IN MODERN PRAGMATICS

2026-02-04T13:12:55+00:00

Due to the rapid development of modern communication theory, which examines various fragments of reality related to the interaction of subjects in society and is based on communicative human activity that takes into account both verbal and non-verbal factors of interpersonal interaction, diverse viewpoints and approaches have emerged in the study of issues concerning the identification and characterization of types of utterances, their functioning in speech activity, and the determination of the minimal meaningful unit of discourse.

THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF MOTHERHOOD IN JOHN ERNEST STEINBECK’S FICTION THROUGH THE PRISM OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL VALUES

2026-02-01T07:09:50+00:00

The present article offers a professionally paraphrased and conceptually refined analysis of the representation of the concept of “mother” in the literary works of the American author John Ernest Steinbeck, interpreted within the framework of national and cultural values. In Steinbeck’s artistic universe, motherhood is not confined to biological or domestic functions; rather, it is conceptualized as a moral axis of society, a source of spiritual resilience, and a culturally marked reflection of American national consciousness. Drawing on linguocognitive, linguacultural, and literary-analytical approaches, the study reveals the internal structure, semantic layers, and socio-cultural functions of maternal imagery. The findings confirm that the concept of “mother” functions as a central semantic and axiological category in Steinbeck’s fiction, mediating between universal human ideals and nationally specific cultural meanings

EDUCATION AND GENDER EQUALITY IN UZBEKISTAN: THEORETICAL PROSPECTS AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

2026-02-01T13:33:08+00:00

This study explores the role of education in ensuring gender equality through a multidimensional approach. A mixed-methods research was conducted from 2020 to 2024 at five major state universities in Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan, Namangan, Samarkand, Gulistan, and Termez) with the participation of 7,823 respondents. Surveys, focus group discussions, and expert interviews were conducted to analyze Uzbekistan’s indicators based on the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index, Gender Development Index, and Gender Social Norms Index.

Findings reveal that the main barriers to higher education for girls include financial difficulties (33.6%), family circumstances (25%), and long distances to educational institutions (19.1%). In distance learning, poor internet quality and speed (78.6%) and a lack of technical resources (38.4%) remain key challenges. The results indicate that achieving gender equality in education requires a holistic approach addressing interconnected factors. These include improving educational infrastructure, enhancing financial support mechanisms, eliminating stereotypes, reshaping parental and societal attitudes toward education, refining curricula, and expanding opportunities for women in technical fields.

EXPRESSION OF LINGUOSTYLISTIC AND LINGUOPOETIC MEANS IN THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ABDURAUF FITRAT'S "QIYOMAT"

2026-02-01T18:49:54+00:00

This article analyzes the linguistic and poetic stylistic devices used in the English translation of Abdurauf Fitrat’s work “Qiyomat.” The study focuses on how the author’s artistic language, metaphoric expressions, symbolic imagery, and psychological nuances are rendered in translation. It also discusses the translator’s strategies for achieving equivalence, conveying poetic rhythm, and interpreting cultural connotations. The findings highlight the importance of a linguopoetic approach in analyzing the translation of Fitrat’s literary heritage, emphasizing the balance between linguistic precision and aesthetic expression.

3D KINEMATIC PROFILE OF LOWER AND UPPER BODY SEGMENTS AND THEIR INTERSEGMENTAL COORDINATION IN THE LEFT-SIDE BENDING THROW TECHNIQUE OF WRESTLERS

2026-02-01T01:41:57+00:00

This study aimed to determine the 3D kinematic profile of the lower and upper body segments during the execution of the left-side bending throw technique by wrestlers and to evaluate their intersegmental coordination. Maximum and minimum angular changes of the primary joints involved in the movement—pelvis, hip, knee, ankle, as well as the shoulder and elbow joints—were recorded using a digital motion-capture system. The amplitudes of pelvic rotation, hip flexion and abduction, knee extension, ankle flexion, and shoulder and elbow movements were examined as key criteria for assessing the spatiotemporal structure of the technique. The results demonstrated that during the execution of the left-side bending throw, the lower body segments play a leading role in ensuring stability and impulse transmission, while the upper body joints are crucial for forming the final force impulse. The findings of this study may be applied to optimize technical training, improve coordination structures, and develop scientifically grounded training recommendations for coaches.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL ACTIONS THROUGH ROTATIONAL TRAINING IN THE ANNUAL TRAINING CYCLE (PREPARATORY AND COMPETITION PERIODS)

2026-02-01T07:52:09+00:00

The article analyzes the impact of rotational training on the technical and tactical preparation of young football players within the annual training cycle. It presents how rotational exercises applied during the preparatory and competition periods contribute to the development of players’ versatility, quickness, and psychophysiological readiness.

DIGITAL AND INTERNET BORROWINGS AS A FACTOR OF INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE: LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS IN THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK INTERNET-DISCOURSE

2026-02-01T14:22:42+00:00

The globalization of digital communication has intensified intercultural exchange and reshaped linguistic practices across languages. One of the most visible manifestations of this phenomenon is the proliferation of digital and internet borrowings—lexical items originating in one language that spread into others through online interaction. This article investigates digital borrowings in Russian and Uzbek internet discourse, exploring their nature, functions, and roles in fostering intercultural dialogue. Drawing on a corpus of social media posts, blogs, and discussion forums, we analyze the frequency, types, and semantic adaptation of borrowings. Our findings indicate that digital borrowings not only reflect technical and cultural influences from global digital cultures but also serve as tools for negotiation of identity, social positioning, and cross-cultural communication. We conclude that digital borrowings in Russian and Uzbek internet discourse constitute both linguistic innovation and pragmatic strategies that contribute to intercultural dialogue in the digital age.

THE INFLUENCE OF LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES ON COGNITIVE PROCESSES ACROSS LANGUAGES AND CULTURES

2026-02-02T09:13:39+00:00

Language is a fundamental cognitive tool that shapes human perception, categorization, and reasoning. Across approximately 7,000 spoken languages, diverse phonological, grammatical, and lexical structures encode culturally and cognitively distinct ways of understanding the world. This interdisciplinary review synthesizes research from linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, and education to examine how linguistic structures influence cognitive processes across languages and cultures. Empirical evidence, including studies of spatial orientation, color categorization, temporal reasoning, and metaphorical framing, demonstrates that linguistic diversity correlates with measurable differences in cognition. Furthermore, bilingualism and multilingualism reveal the flexibility of the human mind, as speakers can shift between conceptual frameworks shaped by multiple languages. The review also discusses pedagogical implications, emphasizing that awareness of linguistic relativity can enhance language teaching, metalinguistic awareness, and intercultural competence. By integrating cross-linguistic findings with educational perspectives, this article underscores that linguistic diversity enriches cognitive flexibility and highlights the interplay between language, thought, and culture.

COMMUNICATIVE BARRIERS AS A METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEM OF TEACHING

2026-02-01T02:32:46+00:00

This article presents a theoretical analysis of communicative barriers, drawing upon social-constructivist and cognitive frameworks, and emphasizes the role of teaching methodology in fostering communication competence. Communicative barriers constitute a significant methodological and pedagogical challenge in educational contexts, adversely affecting students’ academic performance, social interaction, and cognitive development. These barriers impede active participation, collaborative learning, and the development of higher-order thinking skills. From a methodological perspective, communicative barriers should not be regarded as inherent deficits of students but as manifestations of the interaction between learners, instructional design, and classroom dynamics. The study classifies barriers into personal, cognitive, social, and methodological categories, elucidating their influence on classroom processes. Furthermore, the theoretical discussion underscores that the development of communicative competence is a process mediated by guided interaction, reflective practice, and evidence-based pedagogical interventions. By integrating theory and methods, educators can design lessons that systematically reduce barriers, support learner diversity, and enhance classroom communication as a core component of educational achievement.

THE TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON TEACHING WORD COMBINATIONS

2026-02-01T13:23:35+00:00

This article examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching word combinations, with a particular focus on collocations, phrasal verbs, idioms, and lexical chunks in English language learning. Through analyzing AI-based tools, adaptive learning systems, and corpus-driven platforms, the study highlights how AI enhances vocabulary acquisition, improves learner autonomy, and increases instructional efficiency. The findings demonstrate that AI-driven approaches lead to higher retention rates, personalized learning paths, and improved communicative competence.

DEVELOPMENT OF READING COMPETENCE IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: PSYCHOLINGUISTIC, COGNITIVE, AND METACOGNITIVE APPROACHES

2026-02-01T18:34:47+00:00

The article analyzes the process of reading in a foreign language from psycholinguistic and pedagogical perspectives. The purpose of this study is to identify mechanisms and theoretical models for developing students’ reading competence in a foreign language. Reading in a foreign language encompasses cognitive, perceptual, and metacognitive processes, involving encoding and decoding mechanisms that allow visual reception of the text, semantic interpretation, and integration with prior knowledge and context.

The article examines various types of reading — informational, analytical, extensive, intensive, skimming, scanning, receptive, and productive reading. Furthermore, cognitive, constructivist, and metacognitive models are analyzed. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of integrative approaches, including graphic organizers and interactive tasks, in enhancing reading comprehension.

The results indicate that these models contribute to students’ deep understanding, independent thinking, and creative reflection abilities.

THE ROLE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE POTENTIAL

2026-02-01T01:33:27+00:00

In modern education, the development of students’ creative potential is considered one of the key goals of effective teaching. Creativity is not viewed as an inborn talent but as a skill that can be developed through appropriate educational approaches. This article discusses the role of authentic materials and teaching techniques in developing students’ creative potential, particularly in foreign language education. Authentic materials, such as real-life texts, media resources, and digital content, expose learners to natural language use and meaningful contexts. The article analyzes theoretical views on creativity, explains the concept of authentic materials, and highlights practical techniques for their classroom use. It is argued that authentic materials increase students’ motivation, encourage creative thinking, and support learner autonomy. The article concludes that the regular and purposeful use of authentic materials plays an important role in enhancing students’ creativity and preparing them for real-life communication.

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF PEER INTERACTION IN DEVELOPING INTEGRATED LANGUAGE SKILLS

2026-02-01T07:40:24+00:00

This research examines the role of peer interaction in the development of integrated language skills, emphasizing reading, writing, speaking, and listening as interconnected components of effective communication. It explores how collaboration among learners creates meaningful opportunities for authentic language use and supports their overall proficiency. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews, and classroom observations to uncover patterns that illustrate the influence of peer-supported learning. Grounded in sociocultural theory and communicative language teaching, the study highlights the significance of social dynamics in shaping language acquisition. Particular attention is given to how learners construct meaning, negotiate understanding, and provide feedback within collaborative settings. The findings aim to expand theoretical perspectives on peer interaction as a catalyst for linguistic and cognitive growth. Practically, the study offers educators evidence-based strategies for designing activities that enhance integrated language skills. It also informs curriculum developers about the value of structured collaboration in language learning environments. The research ultimately emphasizes that peer interaction is not merely supportive but central to successful language development. By illustrating its impact, this coursework contributes to improving teaching practices.

STUDYING THE TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL ACTIONS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS DURING COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES

2026-02-01T14:10:04+00:00

The article discusses the importance of technical training in the training of young players, training in technical training and its significance. The technical training of the players and the factors of its implementation have been studied.

PROBLEMS IN TEACHING TECHNICAL MOVEMENTS TO YOUNG GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS (QUESTIONNAIRE)

2026-02-02T09:05:06+00:00

This research is aimed at identifying and analyzing the main problems encountered in the process of teaching technical movements to young Greco-Roman wrestlers.notation: this research is aimed at identifying and analyzing the main problems encountered in the process of teaching technical movements to young Greco-Roman wrestlers. Within the framework of the study, a questionnaire was conducted between coaches and young athletes and studied the methodological shortcomings present in the formation of technical training, factors affecting the effectiveness of the training process, problems with the physical and psychological training of young athletes. The results obtained showed insufficient application of an individual approach in the process of mastering technical movements of young Greco-Roman wrestlers, insufficient age and level of training loads and low level of use of modern pedagogical and innovative technologies.The results obtained showed insufficient application of an individual approach in the process of mastering technical movements of young Greco-Roman wrestlers, insufficient age and level of training loads and low level of use of modern pedagogical and innovative technologies. Based on the results of the study, practical recommendations were developed to improve the technical training of young wrestlers, optimize the training process and improve the effectiveness of training.

EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPROVING SHOT PUT TECHNIQUE BASED ON BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS

2026-02-01T02:21:59+00:00

This article examines biomechanical analysis methods in shot put athletics and their importance in technique improvement. The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of modern biomechanics, the parameters of kinematics and dynamics of movement in shot put, as well as ways to assess and improve athletes' technique. The main focus is on force application phases, velocity parameters, optimal angle indicators, and energy expenditure efficiency. The obtained results show that biomechanical analysis tools enable objective assessment of athletes' technique and provide scientific foundation for the training process.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AT THE LITERATURE CLASSROOM IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2026-02-01T09:29:31+00:00

The widespread use of Artificial intelligence (AI) in language education has opened up a new era of teaching and learning. Raising concerns in balancing AI-driven instruction assists to achieve optimal learning outcomes while teaching Literature subject. Background. The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within literature teaching is fostering significant pedagogical shifts. Based on the findings, AI could make significant strides in improving language proficiency, particularly in literature components such as novel, short stories, poems, folklore reading and drama organizing. This article explores the experiences of teaching literature in higher education establishments. Methods. University students were purposively sampled, participated in semi-structured interviews, and were observed teaching literature classes of the first year students. The recorded, transcribed and coded interviews were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that literature teachers found literature teaching to be multidimensional. It can also assist in streamlining teaching methods in literature classes, such as adaptive learning, automated assessment, and personalized content creation. Results. The students and teachers perceived literature learning and teaching in the English speaking environment as a positive experience. For instance, they described literature components as fantastic, fascinating, life-changing, and enticing and as a journey. However, they also found it to be challenging and intimidating. They also considered that multilingual pedagogies enhance comprehension and learner engagement. However, some limitations emerged from the data. While AI excels at providing objective feedback and supporting innovative teaching methods, it struggles to cultivate essential human skills like cultural sensitivity, emotional intelligence, and critical thinking. These skills are necessary for effective communication, building relationships, and understanding language tones in different contexts. Conclusions. The study concluded that AI can be a powerful tool for language education but cannot replace human educators. Instead, language teaching practices should bridge a balance between AI-powered instruction and traditional teaching methods, so learners can benefit from the latest technological advancements while still developing the critical human skills they need in this ever-changing world. In this article we recommend using AI tools and prompts in teaching literature to university teachers. As a result, they enhance critical thinking and language development for future language experts.

STUDYING THE FEATURES OF THE TECHNIQUE OF PERFORMING THE YURCHENKO TYPE VOUCH USING THE METHOD OF KINEMATIC ANALYSIS IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS

2026-02-01T18:12:15+00:00

The article examines the issues of the biomechanical kinematic structure of the Yurchenko type vaults, which are a fundamental element of competitive programs in artistic gymnastics, as well as the development and creation of model characteristics of basic vaults based on an analysis of their execution by highly qualified gymnasts.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MUSIC EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGES

2026-02-01T01:22:52+00:00

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed music education, reshaping pedagogical practices, learning environments, and access to musical training. This article examines the opportunities and pedagogical challenges associated with the integration of digital technologies in music education. Drawing on contemporary educational theory and recent research, the study explores how digital tools—such as music production software, online learning platforms, mobile applications, and artificial intelligence–based systems—enhance learner engagement, creativity, collaboration, and individualized learning pathways. At the same time, the article critically analyzes key challenges, including unequal access to technology, limited digital pedagogical competence among educators, reduced emphasis on embodied musical practice, and issues related to assessment and educational quality. The paper argues that while digital technologies offer substantial potential to expand and enrich music education, their effective implementation requires pedagogically grounded strategies, systematic teacher training, and balanced integration with traditional, performance-based approaches. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on the future of music education and provide practical implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policy makers.

LLMS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR SIMULATING DIALOGIC CONVERSATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

2026-02-01T07:27:41+00:00

This article analyzes the potential of integrating large language models (LLMs) into developing dialogic competence in foreign language learners. LLMs are viewed as a tool for creating a virtual communication environment capable of simulating natural communication conditions. This article describes methodological approaches to using AI for the successful acquisition of dialogic speech and adaptive learning. Particular attention is paid to the potential of technology in teaching and the role of the teacher in the new educational paradigm. Developing spontaneous dialogic speech skills requires regular practice with a partner who has a high level of linguistic and pragmatic competence.

DESCRIPTIVE ELEMENTS AND CONTRADICTIVE RELATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH RIDDLES

2026-02-01T13:45:40+00:00

This article explores the typological characteristics of the English riddle as a traditional folkloric genre from a linguistic and cultural perspective. Relying on thematic and structural approaches developed in linguistics, folklore studies, and ethnology, the study aims to identify the main principles of riddle classification and to reveal the invariant mechanisms of riddle construction. Particular attention is paid to the riddles of the Exeter Book, whose interpretation is complicated by the absence of explicit answers and by the plurality of scholarly readings. The analysis demonstrates that English riddles encode fragments of the worldview through stable thematic spheres and recurrent descriptive structures, reflecting everyday life, nature, warfare, and the spiritual domain.

HOW EFFICIENTLY MANAGED EXTRACURRICULAR PROGRAMS SUPPORT STUDENTS’ SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SKILLS: A CASE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENTIAL SCHOOL IN JIZZAKH

2026-02-02T08:54:15+00:00

This study investigates the extent to which efficiently organised extracurricular activities enhance students’ social and emotional skills at the Presidential School in Jizzakh. The school provides a structured weekly schedule of diverse clubs—including drama, robotics, music, football, media, and IT—from Monday to Thursday, enabling students from Grades 5 to 11 to explore personal interests beyond academic learning. Qualitative observations and informal feedback from instructors indicate that participation in these clubs contributes significantly to improvements in communication, teamwork, self-confidence, creativity, and problem-solving skills. The findings suggest that a well-coordinated extracurricular program, supported by residential learning conditions, plays a critical role in shaping holistic student development.

PHASE-SPECIFIC KINEMATIC AND KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

2026-02-01T01:55:18+00:00

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of vertical jump performance using three-dimensional motion capture technology. Squat jump and countermovement jump actions were examined in an elite athlete using STT Systems 3DMA (Motive 2023.0) at a sampling frequency of 120 Hz. Kinematic and kinetic parameters were assessed across three key phases: initial position, preparation phase, and lift-off phase. The results reveal phase-dependent joint coordination patterns, effective proximal-to-distal force transfer, and optimized center of gravity (CoG) behavior, which collectively explain the athlete’s high jump performance (540 mm). The findings provide objective biomechanical evidence relevant for performance diagnostics and training optimization.

MODERN KOREAN LANGUAGE: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

2026-02-01T09:11:00+00:00

This article examines the main trends in the development of the modern Korean language in the context of globalization and digitalization. It analyzes changes in vocabulary, grammar, and speech practices associated with the active borrowing of Anglicisms and the influence of digital media and youth culture. Particular attention is paid to the role of social networks and mass culture in the formation of new linguistic norms. The study shows that the modern Korean language is characterized by high dynamism and flexibility, reflecting social and cultural processes in Korean society.

EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED TEACHING OF TOPOGRAPHY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND GIS: METHODOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ON LEARNING OUTCOMES

2026-02-01T14:34:41+00:00

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the educational effectiveness of integrated teaching of Topography, Cartography, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and evaluates the impact of this approach on learning outcomes. The main purpose of the study is to identify differences between traditional, discipline-separated instruction and an integrated methodology in shaping learners’ spatial thinking, practical skills, and independent analytical abilities.

The research was conducted in accordance with the IMRAD methodology and employed a review of scholarly literature, pedagogical observation, comparative analysis, and methods for assessing learning activity outcomes. During the study, methodological solutions were designed, implemented, and tested based on the interrelated application of topographic measurements, cartographic representation, and spatial analysis within a GIS environment.

The findings indicate that, within the learning process organized on the basis of an integrated teaching model, students’ spatial thinking, competence in working with geospatial data, and ability to analyze real territorial problems increased significantly. In addition, higher levels of students’ interest in the subjects and greater learning activity were observed. The study’s conclusions demonstrate that implementing an integrated methodological approach in teaching Topography, Cartography, and GIS is an important factor in enhancing educational effectiveness and provides scientific and practical recommendations for application in higher education practice.

COGNITIVE FEATURES OF INDIRECT NOMINATION IN THE TEXT

2026-02-04T13:24:03+00:00

EDUCATING STUDENTS IN THE SPIRIT OF NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL VALUES THROUGH THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORLD AND UZBEK LITERATURE

2026-02-01T07:15:22+00:00

This article examines methods for fostering national and universal values in students through the comparative analysis of world and Uzbek literature. Pedagogical approaches, methods, and technologies are considered from a competency-based perspective. Using the epics Alpomish and The Odyssey, the study analyzes moral and ethical value development through characters, events, and symbolism. Methods such as comparative tables, character analysis, critical thinking cards, and symbolism exploration are presented. These approaches enhance students’ independent thinking, creativity, and communication skills. Additionally, scholarly articles and films can support classroom learning. Consequently, literature lessons promote not only knowledge acquisition but also students’ moral and cultural development.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING OPTIMAL RUN-UP PARAMETERS FOR YOUNG LONG JUMPERS

2026-02-01T13:37:08+00:00

This article focuses on determining the optimal run-up characteristics for young long jumpers. The methodology is primarily developed based on the training principles of highly qualified athletes. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for determining the run-up length of young long jumpers. The main objective was to calculate optimal run-up parameters for the long jump, which made it possible to achieve high athletic performance. The research methods and organization included theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature sources, pedagogical assessments, a pedagogical experiment, and mathematical and statistical methods. The study involved young long jumpers aged 13–17 years. The results of a total of 24 athletes from the athletics sports school of the Chirchik Olympic and Paralympic Reserve Training Center were identified and reprocessed.

EFFECTS OF STRENGTH-ENDURANCE–ORIENTED TRAINING PROGRAMS ON COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN SPORT WRESTLING

2026-02-01T18:55:12+00:00

This study investigates the effects of strength-endurance–oriented training programs on competitive performance in sport wrestling. The increasing intensity and duration of modern wrestling matches require athletes to demonstrate high levels of strength endurance to maintain technical effectiveness throughout competition. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of a specially designed training technology aimed at developing strength endurance on key indicators of competitive performance. The study involved qualified wrestlers who participated in a structured training program over a defined experimental period. Strength-endurance development was achieved through sport-specific exercises, circuit training, and interval-based workloads integrated into the regular training process. Performance indicators were assessed using physical fitness tests and competitive activity analysis conducted before and after the intervention. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in strength-endurance parameters, as well as enhanced competitive performance, including increased technical efficiency and match activity. The findings confirm that the implementation of strength-endurance–oriented training programs contributes to improved competitive effectiveness in sport wrestling. The study highlights the practical value of the proposed training technology for coaches and athletes seeking to optimize performance outcomes.

MODEL INDICATORS OF QUALIFIED WRESTLERS

2026-02-01T01:46:36+00:00

This article examines the model indicators of qualified wrestlers, namely the main criteria that determine the level of their physical, technical-tactical, and psychological preparation. It also analyzes the importance of using model indicators in the process of selecting and preparing athletes.

DEVELOPMENT OF JUMPING AND HITING TECHNIQUES OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS AT THE TRAINING STAGE BASED ON PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES

2026-02-01T07:56:22+00:00

This article examines the effectiveness of developing the technique of jumping and striking in volleyball players during the training phase using plometric exercises. During the experimental study, the indicators of jump height, striking accuracy, and agility were assessed. The obtained results showed that the methodology developed based on pluometric exercises significantly improves the technical preparedness of female volleyball players.

PHENOMENON OF LEXICAL-SEMANTIC ASSIMILATION IN BORROWED WORDS

2026-02-01T14:26:34+00:00

The article discusses the phenomenon of lexical-semantic assimilation in borrowed words. By lexical-semantic assimilation in the language of the recipient, we understand its activity in word formation, its mixing with the words of the receptor language, and the transformation of the semantic structure of the new word in the receptor language, which has no connection with its meaning in the source language. Let us consider how the process of transition of Turkic lexical assimilation in English took place. Our research has shown that suffixation is the most productive way of word formation for most Turkic words that have been absorbed into English.

THE TRAINING SESSION GROUP IS FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING THE MOVEMENT SKILLS AND ABILITIES OF LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS DURING THE TRAINING PROCESS

2026-02-04T13:04:43+00:00

This article presents key tools used in preparing long-distance runners within a training group by correctly distributing annual training plans, monitoring physiological processes occurring in the athletes' bodies, and applying workloads appropriate to their work capacity. The goal is to help athletes achieve high performance in competitions. Practical research and methodological recommendations in this field emphasize that the physical development and preparedness of long-distance runners are closely linked to biological and physiological processes. The methodological tools used during training are essential for studying the means and methods applied in training long-distance runners. A comprehensive approach to preparing skilled athletes-considering training loads, rest intervals, and their physiological processes-has a positive effect on the development of both general and specific physical qualities.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INCREASING MOTOR ACTIVITY IN PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS THROUGH THE MECHANISM OF APPLYING STATODYNAMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS

2026-02-01T07:03:41+00:00

This article presents a mathematical and statistical analysis of indicators obtained from a study on increasing the motor activity of faculty members in higher education institutions, through the application of statodynamic and psychological tools.

MODELS OF CONCEPTUALIZATION IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK PHRASEOLOGY: A COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE

2026-02-01T13:28:23+00:00

The article explores models of conceptualization in Russian and Uzbek languages from a cognitive-pragmatic perspective based on phraseological units. Phraseology is treated as a key linguistic domain that accumulates collective knowledge, cultural memory, and value-based interpretations of experience. The study applies a comparative cognitive approach and demonstrates that universal cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor, metonymy, and embodiment function in both languages; however, their pragmatic realization is determined by culture-specific norms and communicative orientations. Russian phraseology tends toward expressive and evaluative conceptualization, while Uzbek phraseology is more strongly oriented toward ethical regulation, social harmony, and communicative restraint. The findings confirm that phraseological units function as stable cognitive models reflecting culturally conditioned patterns of conceptualization.

CREATING THE IMAGE OF IBN SINA: LIFE REALITY AND ARTISTIC FABRIC

2026-02-01T18:39:01+00:00

In literature, the creation of historical reality and the character of historical figures is a complex process. In this process, writers develop unique stylistic approaches for each event and incident and appeal to different genres. This can be clearly observed in the creation of the image of the great Eastern scholar Ibn Sina, where various narrative and stylistic techniques are employed to ensure authenticity and richness.

THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF "WAR" AND "PEACE" IN FICTION, MYTHOLOGICAL ARCHETYPES AND ARTISTIC MODELS

2026-02-01T01:38:04+00:00

This article analyzes the process of formation of the concepts of "war" and "peace" in fiction, their mythological archetypes and the evolution of artistic models in a comparative manner based on materials from Uzbek and English literature. The study reveals the semantic layers of the concepts of war and peace within the framework of concept theory, and highlights the manifestation of the "war-peace" opposition in fiction through structural contradictions such as life-death, order-chaos, creativity-destruction. It is based on the connection of the archetype of war in mythological thinking with the idea of cosmic struggle and restoration of order, and the archetype of peace with the symbols of the "golden age", stability and social balance. It also analyzes the comparative analysis of the fact that in English literature the theme of war is more often covered through individual tragedy and psychological analysis, and in Uzbek literature in the context of collective memory, national destiny and people's patience.

CHALLENGES IN PRESERVING A WRITER’S STYLE IN TRANSLATION

2026-02-01T07:44:49+00:00

This article examines the challenges of preserving a writer’s stylistic identity in literary translation through an IMRAD-based analytical framework. The introduction conceptualizes style as a multi-layered phenomenon encompassing lexical choice, grammatical structure, stylistic organization, and pragmatic meaning, emphasizing that stylistic distortion can undermine a text’s literary identity even when semantic accuracy is maintained. The methods section outlines a qualitative, interpretative approach grounded in translation studies, stylistics, and literary linguistics, employing multi-level linguistic analysis, comparative reasoning between source- and target-language norms, and an emphasis on the translator’s decision-making process. The results demonstrate that stylistic loss emerges systematically across lexical, grammatical, stylistic, and pragmatic levels. The discussion highlights the interdependence of these levels, arguing that loss at one level often triggers distortion at others, and underscores the ethical responsibility of translators to balance fluency with stylistic integrity. The conclusion affirms that stylistic preservation is not a matter of formal equivalence but of recreating an aesthetic and emotional experience within another language, positioning literary translation as a fundamentally human, creative, and interpretative act.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE GAME-METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE FORMATION OF SWIMMING SKILLS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2026-02-01T14:15:17+00:00

This article addresses the issues of effectively organizing the process of teaching basic swimming skills to children aged 7–8. Within the framework of the study, the content, structure, and practical significance of a three-stage training program developed on the basis of a game-based methodology are analyzed. The program is aimed at facilitating children’s adaptation to the aquatic environment, increasing their interest and motivation for swimming, as well as ensuring the gradual and safe acquisition of basic swimming technique elements. The article also highlights that the use of game-based tools and dynamic exercises contributes to the development of children’s physical activity, motor coordination, balance abilities, and overall physical fitness.

ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT YOUTH THROUGH HEALTH-PROMOTING GYMNASTIC TOOLS

2026-02-02T09:09:25+00:00

This article presents a scientific analysis of the physical development and health status of student youth studying in non-specialized higher educational institutions through the use of health-promoting gymnastics tools. The research focuses on improving students’ physical development, functional condition, and overall health by implementing modern wellness-oriented gymnastic methods, particularly fitness aerobics. Morphological and functional indicators, health indices, and cardiovascular responses to physical load were analyzed using pedagogical testing, questionnaires, and experimental methods. The results demonstrate that systematic health-promoting gymnastics significantly improves cardiovascular efficiency, respiratory function, motor abilities, and general physical fitness. The study substantiates the effectiveness of fitness aerobics as an optimal means of health correction and physical development for student youth and highlights its importance in forming a healthy lifestyle within the higher education system.

METHODS OF USING TOOLS TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF PASSING THE BALL INTO THE GAME OF QUALIFIED GIRLS' VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS AND EVALUATION OF THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

2026-02-01T02:27:27+00:00

This article analyzes the methods of passing the ball in modern volleyball and their technical characteristics. Various methods of passing the ball, their impact on the effectiveness of the game and technical aspects are analyzed. Also, methods for assessing the accuracy and effectiveness of passing the ball and the possibilities of using them to improve the training of athletes are considered. Based on modern research and international experience, opinions are put forward on the role of various passing methods in the formation of game tactics and their effectiveness. The article presents recommendations for coaches and athletes, as well as scientific approaches to improving passing.

METHODOLOGY OF USING INTERACTIVE METHODS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES FOR PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN WITH LIMITED ABILITIES

2026-02-01T09:34:01+00:00

This article examines the pedagogical and methodological foundations of using interactive methods in physical education classes for preschool-aged children with limited abilities. The study analyzes the organization of physical exercises while taking into account the children's individual capabilities, nosological characteristics, and psychophysiological states. The possibilities of increasing children's motor activity, developing their physical qualities, supporting the socialization process, and enhancing their interest in classes through interactive-method-based lessons are substantiated. The research findings contribute to improving the effectiveness of the physical education process in inclusive education settings.

THE PROBLEM OF INSUFFICIENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG STUDENTS AND ITS SOLUTIONS

2026-02-01T18:30:03+00:00

This article examines the problem of insufficient physical activity among students, analyzes its causes, and highlights its negative impact on health and the educational process. The study emphasizes the effects of a sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of modern technologies, and lack of attention to physical exercise on students’ physical and mental well-being. In addition, effective pedagogical, organizational, and motivational solutions aimed at increasing physical activity in higher education institutions are proposed. The article underscores the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle among students.

PRINCIPLES OF LEXICAL SELECTION IN CHILDREN’S LITERARY TEXTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

2026-02-01T01:27:56+00:00

The written works and illustrations produced for children are aimed at educating or entertaining youngsters. The article looks at an important part of children's literature. Adults cannot read children's literature as children do or as children themselves Children's literature covers the age range of infancy through early adolescence.

IDENTIFICATION OF LOCAL FEATURES IN THE WORKS OF TIMUR PULATOV “THE PASSIONS OF THE BUKHARA HOUSE”

2026-02-01T07:36:00+00:00

The article examines the ways of identifying local cultural features in Timur Pulatov’s work The Passions of the Bukhara House. The artistic means of representing space, everyday life, traditions, and the historical memory of Bukhara that shape the local cultural context of the text are analyzed. It is shown that local features perform a meaning-forming function and contribute to the deepening of the artistic imagery of the work.

FRENCH LOANWORDS IN ENGLISH MILITARY TERMINOLOGY: A HISTORICAL AND LEXICAL ANALYSIS

2026-02-01T13:49:17+00:00

This article examines the influence of military contacts and armed conflicts on French loanwords in the English language over the last millennium. Particular attention is given to French loanwords in military terminology, including names of armed forces branches, military formations, ranks, and slang expressions used by English-speaking servicemen. The paper also considers the role of loanwords in filling nominative gaps, the processes of semantic change and loss of original motivation in borrowed items, and the broader impact of French on English vocabulary.

DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL LEXICAL COMPETENCE OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION: A PRACTICE-ORIENTED APPROACH

2026-02-02T08:59:52+00:00

The growing demand for professionally competent graduates in technical fields has increased the importance of language training oriented toward professional communication. This study examines the effectiveness of a practice-oriented methodological approach to developing professional lexical competence among students of technical specialties during Russian language instruction. The research was conducted with first- and second-year technical students (n = 30) and employed pedagogical experimentation, diagnostic testing, observation, and comparative analysis. The instructional intervention was implemented over one academic semester and focused on professionally oriented texts, terminological vocabulary, contextual lexical exercises, and communicative tasks. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed significant improvements in students’ understanding and use of professional terminology, comprehension of professional texts, and oral application of lexical units. The findings confirm that systematic, context-based, and professionally oriented instruction substantially enhances students’ professional lexical competence and facilitates their adaptation to real professional and industrial environments. The results may be effectively applied in teaching Russian in non-philological higher education institutions.