Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

THE EVOLUTION OF ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES IN HALIMA KHUDOYBERDIYEVA'S POETRY

2026-09-28T10:57:35+00:00

This article comprehensively examines the characteristics of formation, evolution, and artistic-aesthetic development of the creative heritage of Halima Khudoyberdiyeva, one of the distinguished representatives of modern Uzbek poetry. Particular attention is paid to identifying the patterns of the formation of the author’s artistic conception, revealing the poet’s aesthetic worldview, and determining her place in the development of the national literary process of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The study explores the main directions of the poet’s literary thinking, the uniqueness of her artistic method, the system of poetic images, the characteristics of the lyrical subject, the symbolic and metaphorical structure of her poems, as well as the mechanisms of artistic representation of national and universal values. The interrelation between the poet’s aesthetic ideal and the historical-cultural context of the era, national spirituality, philosophical foundations of artistic consciousness, and the inner world of the individual is also analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on studying the role of artistic imagery, symbolism, emotional and psychological expressiveness, and poetic language in shaping the author’s individual style. The article reveals the interpretation of such categories as homeland, human being, woman, spirituality, memory, national identity, moral choice, and aesthetic perfection. Particular attention is devoted to representing the inner world of women in Halima Khudoyberdiyeva’s poetry as an independent artistic phenomenon embodying national character, spiritual resilience, and cultural continuity.

Based on a comparative analysis of poems belonging to different stages of the poet’s creative activity, the research identifies transformations in her poetic worldview, changes in artistic principles, the expansion of aesthetic space, and the specific features of the development of the author’s artistic-aesthetic conception. As a result, Halima Khudoyberdiyeva’s poetry is substantiated as a unique artistic model of national self-consciousness in Uzbek literature, organically combining philosophical depth, aesthetic integrity, figurative expressiveness, and spiritual and moral values.

A METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR DEVELOPING SPEAKING AND WRITING SKILLS THROUGH TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING

2026-10-02T15:06:43+00:00

The article is devoted to the development of a methodological model for teaching speaking and writing skills of English language learners on the basis of transformative learning theory. It is argued that traditional approaches to productive skills often reduce speaking and writing to the reproduction of ready-made patterns, as a result of which learners are able to produce accurate but reproductive texts and experience difficulty in expressing their own position. Transformative learning, developed by J. Mezirow and elaborated by P. Cranton, E.W. Taylor and S.D. Brookfield, offers a different perspective: learning is understood as a change in the learner’s frames of reference achieved through a disorienting dilemma, critical reflection and rational discourse. The article shows that these key processes are, by their very nature, realised through speaking and writing, which makes productive skills both the means and the result of transformative learning. On the basis of theoretical analysis and didactic modelling, a four-component model is proposed, comprising target, content, procedural and evaluative components. The procedural component is organised as a five-stage cycle: trigger, critical reflection, rational discourse, reflective writing and action. For each stage, types of speaking and writing tasks, the teacher’s functions and indicators of results are defined. A system of assessment criteria is proposed that combines CEFR-based descriptors of linguistic quality with indicators of reflective depth. The model is intended for senior school and university learners at B1–C1 levels and is grounded in the normative documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan on foreign-language education.

METHODOLOGY FOR MONITORING FREESTYLE WRESTLERS’ TECHNICAL ACTIONS USING A SENSOR-BASED PLATFORM AND INDIVIDUALIZING PRE-COMPETITION TRAINING LOADS

2026-09-27T14:47:29+00:00

This article examines the monitoring of freestyle wrestlers’ technical actions using a sensor-based platform and the individualization of pre-competition training loads based on the analytical indicators obtained. Particular attention was paid to determining the overall support force and its distribution between the legs during the performance of technical actions, as well as the load on the left and right legs and support stability. The data obtained from the sensor-based platform were used to assess the effectiveness of technical actions, identify existing deficiencies, and select specific exercises according to the individual capabilities of each athlete. Based on the identified indicators, a sequence was developed for adjusting the volume and intensity of training loads to the athlete’s technical and physical condition during the pre-competition period. The proposed methodology enables objective assessment of freestyle wrestlers’ technical actions, consideration of individual characteristics of athletic preparedness, and targeted management of pre-competition training loads.

INTERRELATIONSHIP OF STRUCTURE, CONTENT, AND COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS

2026-10-02T14:18:46+00:00

This thesis examines the interrelationship between structural organization, semantic content, and communicative strategy in English and Uzbek business negotiation discourse. Rather than treating these dimensions as independent levels of analysis, the study considers how a negotiating action acquires its functional significance through their interaction. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the stage of negotiation, the commercial content under discussion, and the strategy employed to manage that content. It is argued that an integrative perspective provides a more comprehensive basis for cross-linguistic comparison by showing not only what is negotiated and how interaction develops, but also how participants strategically direct this development toward coordination.

THE ROLE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENHANCING THEMATIC AND IDEOLOGICAL EXPRESSION IN LITERARY TEXT (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH PROSE)

2026-10-02T16:36:48+00:00

The article is devoted to the role of phraseological units in strengthening the thematic and ideological expression of a literary text. Relying on the theory of phraseological stability developed by V.V. Vinogradov and A.V. Kunin, on the theory of foregrounding (I.V. Arnold, G. Leech, M. Short) and on the discourse-oriented approach of A. Naciscione, the study treats a phraseological unit not as a decorative element of style but as a condensed carrier of image, evaluation and cultural memory that the author places in the service of the theme and the idea of the work. On the material of English prose by C. Dickens, J. Austen, T. Hardy, J. Steinbeck and G. Orwell, five types of occasional transformation of phraseological units are identified: extension with metalinguistic commentary, contamination, allusive use in the title, parody of the proverb pattern, and structural deviation leading to new phraseologisation. It is shown that phraseological units perform five text-forming functions – thematic-nominative, evaluative-ideological, characterological, compositional-cohesive and intertextual – which are realised at three levels of the text: the micro-level of the utterance, the macro-level of the character and the episode, and the mega-level of the title and the text as a whole. The strongest thematic effect is observed when a unit occupies a strong position of the text and its image is sustained throughout the work. Special attention is paid to the preservation of these functions in English–Uzbek literary translation and to the use of the results in teaching English literature at university level.

HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL UPBRINGING SYSTEM

2026-09-27T17:31:05+00:00

This article systematically analyzes the historical stages in the formation of the national upbringing system. The study examines the phenomenon of national upbringing as an important socio-pedagogical process that has shaped the life of society throughout all periods of human development. The author consistently traces the evolutionary path from the ethnopedagogical traditions of antiquity, through the ethical triad of Zoroastrian teaching, the scientific-philosophical views of the thinkers of the Eastern Renaissance, to the enlightenment ideas of the Jadid movement. Using historical-comparative and content analysis methods, the study identifies the distinctive features, educational content, and influence on modern pedagogy of each historical stage. Particular attention is given to the role of the Jadid enlighteners — Abdulla Avloniy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, and Munavvar Qori — in reforming the national upbringing system. The article also examines the elevation of national upbringing to the level of state policy during the period of independence and its integration into the continuous education system. The article concludes that generalizing historical experience can serve as an important theoretical and methodological foundation for improving the modern national upbringing system. The findings have instructional-methodological significance for higher education institutions and students majoring in pedagogy.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DISCURSIVE-FORMATIVE NOMINATION

2026-10-02T14:55:14+00:00

The discursive-formative underpinnings of composite nomination in Uzbek and English are examined in this research. The structural and semantic features of endocentric and exocentric nominative units are compared. The study uses the proposition “a person related to X” to describe the cognitive-discursive character of composite nomination. The functions of metonymy, metaphor, and conversion in the creation of nominative units are given special consideration. The results advance comparative linguistics and secondary nomination theory.

ANALYSIS OF VESTIBULAR APPARATUS OSCILLATIONS IN HANDBALL PLAYERS AT THE TRAINING STAGE USING THE “FORCEPLATFORMSMART” SOFTWARE

2026-10-02T14:07:34+00:00

The levels of vestibular apparatus oscillations in the control group of handball players were determined at the beginning and end of the training sessions using the “ForcePlatformSmart” software. Based on the results obtained, relevant proposals and recommendations were developed. When examining the levels of vestibular apparatus oscillations in the control group of handball players involved in our study, using the “ForcePlatformSmart” software at the beginning and end of the training sessions, the following results were obtained. At the beginning of the study, along the X-axis, K-v A. demonstrated oscillations within the range of 13/-16 before exercise, while after exercise, the oscillation range changed to 13/-17. At the end of the study, along the X-axis, oscillations within the range of 14/-16 were observed before exercise, while after exercise, the oscillation range remained within 14/-16.

INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN THE DIGITAL WILDS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH MEDIA CONSUMPTION

2026-10-02T16:27:19+00:00

Digital media has become an important part of everyday life, creating new opportunities for second language learners to encounter vocabulary beyond the traditional classroom. Videos, films, television series, social media, podcasts, online games, and other forms of digital content expose learners to large amounts of authentic language. This systematic review examines how incidental vocabulary acquisition occurs through digital media consumption and identifies the factors that influence learning outcomes. Relevant studies on second language vocabulary learning through audiovisual and online media were reviewed and analyzed according to their research focus, media type, participants, and major findings. The reviewed literature suggests that regular exposure to meaningful and engaging media can support the incidental learning of new vocabulary, particularly when learners encounter words repeatedly in rich contexts. Audiovisual materials appear especially beneficial because learners can connect spoken and written language with images, actions, and situational information. However, vocabulary learning is not automatic. Factors such as frequency of exposure, learner proficiency, captions and subtitles, attention, motivation, and opportunities for repeated encounters strongly influence the extent to which vocabulary is acquired. The review also shows that digital media can provide learners with a more personalized and enjoyable learning environment than traditional vocabulary exercises. Nevertheless, incidental learning through media should not be viewed as a complete replacement for explicit vocabulary instruction. Instead, the findings suggest that combining meaningful media exposure with intentional learning activities may produce stronger vocabulary outcomes. Overall, the digital environment offers a rich and largely unexplored space for vocabulary development, allowing language learning to continue beyond the boundaries of the classroom.

SELECTION OF LONG JUMP ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL SPORTS SECTIONS BASED ON AGE-SPECIFIC PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

2026-09-27T17:00:56+00:00

This article investigates the scientific principles underpinning the selection of young long jumpers, with particular emphasis on chronological and biological age, physical development, motor performance, and the Relative Age Effect (RAE). Specific attention is devoted to speed, explosive strength, jumping capacity, coordination, and anthropometric characteristics as key determinants of athletic potential. The study highlights that athletes within the same chronological age category may exhibit substantial differences in biological maturation and physical development, potentially influencing selection decisions and competitive outcomes. Furthermore, the RAE may confer temporary developmental and performance advantages on athletes born earlier within a given age-group cohort, thereby affecting the fairness and accuracy of talent identification.Accordingly, an effective and scientifically grounded selection framework should integrate age-related developmental characteristics, physical and anthropometric indicators, motor abilities, and individual performance trajectories rather than relying solely on current competitive results. The findings underscore the importance of early, systematic, and evidence-based talent identification and provide a methodological basis for enhancing the objectivity, inclusiveness, and long-term effectiveness of athlete selection within school-based sports programmes.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINING PARTICIPANTS’ MOTIVATION IN MASS TABLE TENNIS COMPETITIONS

2026-10-02T14:43:30+00:00

The article examines the pedagogical conditions that contribute to developing and sustaining participants’ motivation in mass table tennis competitions. Practical recommendations are substantiated, including a combination of intrinsic satisfaction derived from sporting activity, social interaction, consideration of individual goals, a differentiated approach to organizing participation, and methodological support after the competitions. The implementation of the proposed conditions is aimed at maintaining participants’ interest in sport and encouraging their transition to regular physical activity.

IMPROVING REACTION TIME IN JUDO ATHLETES OF THE TRAINING GROUP

2026-10-02T13:58:21+00:00

This article analyzes the scientific and methodological foundations for developing reaction time in judo athletes of the training group. In competitive judo, the athlete’s ability to rapidly perceive an opponent’s movements, assess the situation, and execute an appropriate motor response is one of the important factors determining high sports performance. The study examines the importance of reaction time in the technical and tactical preparation of judo athletes, its simple and complex forms, and the possibilities for its development through specialized exercises. Particular attention is given to the transition from simple responses to complex and choice reactions, as well as to the integration of reaction-training exercises with technical and tactical actions specific to judo.

TEACHING WOMEN IN NATIONAL CRAFTS IN THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF JIZAKH REGION)

2026-10-02T16:17:02+00:00

National crafts have been a reflection of the history, traditions, ethnography, lifestyle and culture of each people for centuries. In history, as a result of the development of crafts, peoples founded cities and exchanged cultures with other peoples. In the modern society in which we live, national crafts, which are considered unique examples of the creativity of our ancestors, have a special place. In various regions of the world, in particular, in Denmark, Great Britain, Germany, the USA, Argentina, China, India, Vietnam, experiences have been gained in research on ensuring employment of women by involving them in crafts, and on the scientific study of the laws of development of craft culture. Also, research is being conducted in Japan, Korea, Turkey and Kazakhstan on gender equality, social and political activity of women, approaches to education, changes in social status and cultural thinking. Like such a country, Uzbekistan has been implementing important reforms during the years of independence aimed at developing national crafts, especially popularizing crafts practiced by women.

In the years of Independence, women of Uzbekistan have been actively participating in the wide-ranging reforms being implemented in the socio-economic, political and cultural spheres of society. It should be noted that Uzbek crafts have developed in different regions of the country under their own unique conditions. Attention is being paid to creating new jobs, ensuring employment and strengthening vocational education through the development of crafts, and the ranks of businesswomen are expanding. Practical work is being carried out to further develop entrepreneurship among women, especially confectionery, sewing, and weaving among women. Currently, the majority of women in Uzbekistan are educated and active by nature. The unique products created by leading women craftsmen in the further development of national crafts are also being exhibited at world markets and international craft festivals. Women artisans from Jizzakh region are also actively participating in this process. This article analyzes the development of women's crafts in Uzbekistan during the years of independence using the example of Jizzakh region.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF SHORT-DISTANCE RUNNING TECHNIQUE

2026-09-27T15:03:06+00:00

This article analyzes contemporary scientific and methodological foundations for teaching short-distance running technique. It examines the technical characteristics of the sprint start, start acceleration, running over the distance, and finishing, as well as the mechanisms for teaching these phases in a logical sequence. Drawing on findings from contemporary biomechanical research, the article substantiates the importance of individualizing the crouch-start position, using starting blocks effectively, generating horizontally directed force during the initial steps, establishing an optimal relationship between stride length and stride frequency, and maintaining freedom of movement during the transition to maximal velocity. The potential use of specific preparatory, lead-up, repetitive, variable, and resisted sprint exercises is analyzed. Methodological mechanisms for the early identification of technical errors, determination of their causes, selection of individualized corrective exercises, and integration of learned elements into the complete sprint action are systematized. Based on the analysis, a progressive methodological model founded on the principle of “technique development – pedagogical monitoring – identification of technical errors – individualized correction – reassessment” is proposed.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED ‘OBSTACLE COURSE’ SYSTEM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS OF IN-SERVICE TRAINING PARTICIPANTS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2026-10-02T14:32:56+00:00

This article substantiates that the professional duties of internal affairs officers require physical and psychophysiological preparedness to be demonstrated simultaneously and in close interrelation. To implement this theoretical conclusion in practice, an obstacle course was developed within the framework of the study as the central technological component of the integrated model. The obstacle course was designed as a 110-metre practical training complex consisting of ten interconnected sequential stages. It includes a running section, a slalom course involving movement between cones, coordination ladder drills, obstacles and wall elements of varying heights, a jumping trench, stairs, a crawling section, a rescue exercise, and a final disarming stage.

RITUAL INTERPRETATIONS OF BEE BEHAVIOUR IN THE TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF UZBEK BEEKEEPERS

2026-09-28T11:15:05+00:00

This article examines the traditional knowledge, beliefs, ritual interpretations, and practical responses of Uzbek beekeepers to changes in honeybee behaviour. Particular attention is paid to situations in which bees stop flying, become unusually agitated, reduce their collection of nectar, leave the hive, swarm, become ill, or die. The study approaches beekeeping not merely as an agricultural and economic activity but as a culturally embedded system of human–insect relations in which observations of bee behaviour may acquire symbolic, social, and ritual meanings. The research employs historical-comparative, ethnographic, structural-functional, semantic, and interdisciplinary approaches. Published materials on Uzbek beekeeping, ethnographic studies of bee-related beliefs, historical sources, and contemporary reports on traditional beekeeping knowledge in Uzbekistan are analysed. The findings indicate that beekeepers' interpretations of bee behaviour combine empirical ecological knowledge with culturally transmitted explanations. At the same time, the available published evidence does not justify treating every reported belief or ritual as a universal Uzbek practice. Therefore, regional and family-specific practices should be distinguished from widely distributed traditions. The article argues that bee behaviour functions as an important source of environmental information for beekeepers and, in traditional cultural contexts, may also serve as a symbolic indicator of prosperity, disorder, danger, seasonal change, or the need for protective action. The study contributes to the documentation of traditional ecological knowledge and the anthropology of beekeeping in Uzbekistan.

IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

2026-10-02T15:12:22+00:00

This article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for improving the methodology of developing the professional competence of future technology education teachers. In the context of digital transformation in education, future technology education teachers are expected not only to possess technological knowledge, but also to adapt technological content to pedagogical situations, use digital tools effectively, organize project-based and problem-based learning, assess learners’ outcomes, and reflect on their own pedagogical practice. Based on the integration of systemic, competence-based, learner-centred, activity-based and digital approaches, an improved methodological model for developing the competence of future technology education teachers is proposed. The model consists of target, content, process-methodological, digital-practical and result-oriented components. Motivational, cognitive, practical-technological and reflective criteria are defined, along with low, medium and high levels of competence development.

EDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINING PARTICIPANTS’ MOTIVATION IN MASS TABLE TENNIS COMPETITIONS

2026-09-27T14:53:46+00:00

EFFICIENCY OF ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN VOLLEYBALL

2026-10-02T14:23:08+00:00

This article presents information on the effectiveness of rotational actions in volleyball, the positioning of players across court zones, and the impact of rotational movements on technical and tactical performance. The study examines players’ positioning in different zones, the sequence of rotational movements during the change of service possession, the interaction between front-row and back-row players, and the effective performance of each player’s functional responsibilities. The criteria for evaluating rotational effectiveness include positioning errors occurring during the rotation process, the accuracy of movement between zones, the continuity of offensive and defensive actions, and the players’ ability to adapt quickly to game situations.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING READING LITERACY

2026-10-02T16:40:39+00:00

The article examines the pedagogical possibilities of developing the communicative competence of primary school students in reading literacy lessons. The relevance of the problem is determined by the transition of primary education to a competence-based model, in which the ability to understand, interpret and discuss a text becomes the basis of functional literacy. The methodology of the study includes the theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, the comparative analysis of approaches to communicative competence and the generalization of teaching practice. As a result, seven methods of working with a text ("question-answer", "role in the text", "continue the story", group discussion, "cluster", "thick and thin questions", "cinquain") are classified according to the components of communicative competence they develop. The scientific contribution consists in substantiating the relationship between reading literacy and speech activity, the practical one lies in a set of tasks applicable by primary school teachers.

HUMAN HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A VALUE

2026-09-28T10:46:43+00:00

This article provides a scientific and pedagogical analysis of the interrelationship between values, human health, and physical activity. It highlights the role of physical excellence within national, universal, and spiritual values, as well as the representation of such qualities as courage, endurance, agility, diligence, and teamwork in oral folk traditions. In addition, the article examines perspectives within Islamic teachings concerning health, cleanliness, moderation, and physical activity. Drawing on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), it substantiates the need to promote a healthy lifestyle based on values.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL TECHNICAL-TACTICAL PROFILES OF TRAINED FEMALE BOXERS BASED ON COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

2026-10-02T15:01:24+00:00

This article presents the scientific and methodological foundations for developing individual technical-tactical profiles of trained female boxers through comprehensive diagnostics and criteria-based assessment of their individual characteristics. A comprehensive assessment approach encompassing physical, psychophysiological, technical, and tactical components was employed to provide an integrated characterization of the athletes' preparedness. The diagnostic system was structured around 12 informative indicators, and a five-level criteria-based rating scale was developed to enable comparison of results expressed in different units of measurement. The level of development of each indicator was classified as low, below average, average, above average, or high, and the obtained results were systematically organized into physical, psychophysiological, technical, and tactical domains. The integrated analysis of these domains enabled the development of an individual technical-tactical profile for each female boxer, allowing the identification of relatively strong and underdeveloped components within the structure of preparedness and the assessment of their interrelationships. The scientific and methodological significance of the proposed methodology lies in extending the use of comprehensive diagnostic results beyond merely describing an athlete's current level of preparedness, enabling their application as diagnostic criteria for determining individualized training priorities and supporting the targeted individualization of the training process.

TOWARDS INDEPENDENT LEARNING: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF G. GROW’S STAGED SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING MODEL

2026-10-02T14:13:59+00:00

This article examines the theoretical foundations of Gerald Grow’s Staged Self-Directed Learning (SSDL) Model through a literature review and conceptual analysis. It explores the relationship between students’ readiness for independent learning and instructional guidance, changes in teacher roles, and students’ gradual assumption of responsibility for their own learning. The model’s four stages are described in terms of students’ involvement in setting learning goals, selecting resources, organising learning activities, and evaluating outcomes, alongside the teacher’s responsibilities within this process. The stages are interpreted in relation to students’ readiness, prior learning experience, and the demands of particular tasks. The model’s theoretical significance lies in explaining independent learning through the distribution of responsibility between teachers and students and clarifying the role of consultation and collaboration in developing students’ capacity to manage their own learning.

EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLYING THE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING AMONG STUDENT YOUTH

2026-10-02T16:32:56+00:00

In this article, during the pedagogical experiment, training sessions were organized for the participants of the experimental group based on a program aimed at developing the physical fitness of university students with the help of a specially developed complex of exercises. In order to perform the leg's push-off movement closer to the body's common center of gravity — i.e., the pelvic-hip joint — when executing various running movements, it is necessary to develop the leg's tendon reflex. For this reason, taking into account students' academic test requirements, a complex of exercises to be performed with a large amplitude was developed and applied in practice, with the aim of ensuring effective performance in short-distance running, long jump, and throwing exercises. Based on the results obtained, the effectiveness of the developed complex of exercises and the degree of formation of students' level of physical fitness are revealed.

THE USE OF DEVELOPMENTAL METHODS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE QUALITIES IN “TECHNOLOGY” LESSONS

2026-09-27T17:22:33+00:00

In terms of their didactic potential, such methods as “Brainstorming,” “Focal Objects,” “Morphological Box,” “Six Thinking Hats,” “Mental Map” (“Cognitive Map”), “Synectics,” and “Indirect Strategies” are recognized as methods for developing an individual’s creativity. Taking into account the educational potential of the “Brainstorming,” “Six Thinking Hats,” and “Morphological Box” methods, their appropriate and purposeful use in developing students’ creative qualities in “Technology” lessons guarantees the expected results. This article discusses this issue.

CORPUS-BASED TRANSLATION OF GENDER CATEGORIES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGICAL AND PRAGMATIC STUDY

2026-10-02T14:49:31+00:00

This study investigates the translation of gender categories between English and Uzbek from corpus-based, typological, and pragmatic perspectives. Although English and Uzbek differ significantly in their grammatical and lexical representation of gender, the translation of gender-related expressions remains a challenging issue due to structural asymmetries, semantic shifts, and cultural factors. The research aims to identify translation strategies employed in rendering gender categories and to examine the extent to which semantic equivalence and pragmatic meaning are preserved across the two languages. The study adopts a corpus-based comparative methodology, utilizing authentic examples extracted from English and Uzbek corpora, parallel translation texts, and literary and media discourse. Corpus linguistic techniques, including concordance analysis, collocation analysis, and contextual interpretation, are combined with comparative typological and pragmatic approaches to evaluate translation patterns. The findings reveal that gender categories are translated through lexical substitution, contextual adaptation, explicitation, neutralization, and pragmatic reformulation, depending on linguistic and cultural contexts. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that typological differences between the two languages significantly influence translation choices and may lead to shifts in pragmatic meaning. The research contributes to corpus linguistics, translation studies, comparative linguistics, and gender linguistics by proposing an integrated analytical framework for investigating gender translation between typologically different languages.

EFFECTIVENESS OF AI-BASED ADAPTIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF ENERGY ENGINEERING STUDENTS

2026-10-02T14:02:58+00:00

The article evaluates the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based adaptive educational technology in the training of energy engineering students. The study aimed to identify changes in professional competency levels and determine whether the experimental and control groups differed statistically. The quasi-experimental study involved 370 students from the Kashkadarya, Jizzakh, Fergana, and Bukhara regions: 187 students in the experimental group and 183 in the control group. The technology combined initial diagnostics, adaptive delivery of theoretical and practical tasks, simulation of professional situations, individualized feedback, and learning-data analysis. Competencies were assessed on a three-level scale; distributions were compared using Pearson's chi-square test, while composite scores were compared using Welch's t-test. Before the intervention, the groups did not differ statistically (χ² = 0.347; p = 0.841). At the final stage, 56.7% of the experimental group and 36.1% of the control group reached the high level, while the low level was recorded for 13.9% and 31.1%, respectively. The final distributions differed significantly (χ² = 21.057; p < 0.001; V = 0.239). The normalized composite score reached 80.9% in the experimental group versus 68.3% in the control group (t = 4.700; p < 0.001; d = 0.489). These findings indicate the practical effectiveness of the technology while confirming the instructor's leading role and the need for further studies with stronger control of confounding factors.

THE PEDAGOGICAL AND LINGUODIDACTIC ESSENCE OF THE COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH

2026-10-02T16:23:16+00:00

This article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the pedagogical and linguodidactic essence of the competency-based approach, one of the important methodological directions of the modern educational paradigm. The study clarifies the interrelationship between the concepts of “competence,” “competency,” and “competency-based approach,” as well as their substantive features in pedagogy and linguodidactics. The distinctive aspects of the competency-based approach compared to traditional knowledge-oriented paradigms, its potential for linking learning outcomes with practical activity, and its role in forming the learner’s independent, responsible, and communicative activity are elucidated. From the perspective of language education, the linguistic, speech, communicative, sociolinguistic, pragmatic, and strategic components of the competency-based approach are analyzed. In addition, the didactic conditions for implementing this approach in native language education, the changes in the activities of the teacher and the learner, the significance of tasks based on communicative situations, and the criteria for assessing competencies are substantiated. As a result of the research, it is proposed to interpret the pedagogical and linguodidactic essence of the competency-based approach as an integrative process.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE “VESKORQ” DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM AND A SPECIAL METHODOLOGY IN DEVELOPING BALANCE ABILITY IN 10-12-YEAR-OLD JUDOKAS

2026-09-27T15:24:17+00:00

This article examines the effectiveness of the “VESKOR-Q” vestibular-coordination diagnostic system and the author's special exercise methodology in developing balance ability in 10-12-year-old judokas. In contact combat sports such as judo, the ability to maintain balance is one of the key factors determining the accuracy and stability of technical actions, yet diagnostic tools capable of quantitatively measuring this ability with regard to the specifics of the sport remain insufficiently developed. The study involved 48 judokas aged 10-12, divided into an experimental group (n=24) and a control group (n=24). The “VESKOR-Q” system measures dynamic balance across three anatomical planes (horizontal, vertical, sagittal) and calculates a single integral indicator — the balance efficiency index (MSI); the metrological reliability of the system has been established (r=0.87). At the end of a nine-month pedagogical experiment, the indicators of the experimental group improved by an average of 19.54%, compared with 10.47% in the control group (P<0.01-0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between balance ability and technical readiness. The obtained results statistically confirm the significant superiority of the developed system and methodology over the traditional approach.

THE NAYMAN SUB-ETHNIC GROUP IN THE ETHNIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE JIZZAKH OASIS

2026-10-02T14:38:29+00:00

This article examines the history of scholarly research on the Nayman tribe, which occupies an important place in the ethnic composition of the population of the Jizzakh Oasis. It considers the origin and semantic meaning of the ethnonym “Nayman,” the internal subdivisions of the tribe, and the geographical distribution of its constituent groups. Particular attention is devoted to the role played by the Nayman tribe within the ethnic environment of the Jizzakh Oasis, as well as to the processes underlying its formation and historical development. Drawing on historical and ethnographic sources, the article offers a comparative analysis of the scholarly perspectives and approaches that have been applied to the history and ethnocultural characteristics of this ethnic group.

ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL INDICATORS IN FEMALE STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES AND UPPER LIMB DISORDERS

2026-09-28T11:32:16+00:00

This article gave recommendations on the development of strength abilities of student girls in hand nosology and studied their anthropometric and functional indicators. During the study, indicators such as height, body weight, chest circumference, lung capacity of vitality, heart rate and blood pressure were analyzed. Based on the results obtained, the level of physical development of students was assessed and recommendations for the formation of a healthy lifestyle were developed.

THE IMPORTANCE OF AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN MODERN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUISTICAL-METHODICAL THINKING THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION

2026-10-02T16:12:45+00:00

This article explores the critical role of an integrative approach in modern education, specifically focusing on the development of linguistical-methodical thinking among educators and students through interdisciplinary integration. In the context of rapidly evolving educational paradigms, traditional subject-bound teaching often falls short of fostering comprehensive cognitive and professional competencies. The research examines how combining linguistic and methodological disciplines bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. By analyzing pedagogical models that synthesize language acquisition with cross-curricular contexts, the study demonstrates how interdisciplinary integration enhances analytical depth, systemic thinking, and instructional efficiency. Ultimately, the findings highlight that adopting an integrative framework is essential for preparing modern specialists who can navigate complex, multi-faceted educational environments.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH: METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS

2026-09-27T14:58:34+00:00

This article analyzes the methodological changes emerging in the organization of prospective teachers’ research activities as a result of the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the pedagogical research process. The primary focus of the study is not on describing the technical capabilities of artificial intelligence, but rather on identifying the impact of these tools on prospective teachers’ abilities to identify research problems, formulate research questions, search for and evaluate scholarly information, analyze evidence, draw independent conclusions, and reflectively evaluate their own research activities. The study integrates systemic, activity-based, competency-based, learner-centered, and reflective approaches as its methodological foundations. The perspectives of Uzbek researchers on artificial intelligence and pedagogical education were comparatively analyzed alongside international scholarly approaches. The findings substantiate the view that artificial intelligence should not be regarded as a distracting agent in prospective teachers’ research activities, but rather as an intellectual tool that supports certain stages of scientific inquiry. The study proposes the sequence of “technological assistance – critical verification – independent scholarly conclusion” as an important methodological condition for developing prospective teachers’ research skills.

IMPROVING TACTICAL COORDINATION IN DOTA 2 ESPORTS THROUGH RAPID IN-GAME COMMUNICATION

2026-10-02T14:27:39+00:00

Effective tactical coordination in team-based esports depends largely on the speed and clarity of communication among players. In Dota 2, where the game environment changes rapidly, delayed communication may negatively affect players’ ability to coordinate attacks, defensive actions, and other collective tactical decisions. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibilities of improving tactical coordination in Dota 2 through rapid in-game communication.

The proposed system is intended to reduce the time required for communicating tactical information and facilitate faster coordination of collective actions. The use of predefined commands assigned to specific keys may support players in maintaining their attention on the game environment while simultaneously exchanging essential tactical information with teammates. The findings highlight the potential importance of optimizing communication tools as a component of tactical coordination in Dota 2 esports.

LINGUOPEDAGOGICAL MODEL OF SPEAKING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN GENERAL SCHOOLS AND ITS PRIORITY DIRECTIONS

2026-10-02T16:44:15+00:00

This research paper deeply analyzes the scientific and theoretical foundations of developing students’ speech skills in secondary schools and proposes a linguopedagogical model that meets contemporary requirements. Today, fostering oral and written speech competencies among students, raising their communication culture, and expanding their independent logical thinking abilities are among the top priorities of the educational system. Within the framework of the research, a comparative study of traditional and innovative pedagogical technologies used in teaching native and foreign languages in secondary schools was conducted. Furthermore, the structural components, stages, and practical significance of the new linguopedagogical model, which serves the comprehensive development of students’ linguistic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic skills, have been scientifically justified. The study defines the priority directions for increasing speech activity by taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of school students. Specifically, mechanisms for integrating interactive methods, digital educational resources, and a communicative approach into the educational process are proposed. The obtained scientific results and developed practical recommendations serve to enhance lesson effectiveness in secondary schools, improve students’ speech literacy, and ensure the overall quality of education.