Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

LINGUOSYNERGETICS: THE SCIENCE OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM

Khayriniso Bakhtiyarovna Ganiyeva — 2025-11-18

The article advances linguistic synergetics as a new interdisciplinary research approach to language studies.The main task of linguistic synergetics is to reveal, describe and explain the mechanism of the inner dynamic structure of a language using research principles of synergetics as a paradigm of complexity. Linguosynergetics has emerged as one of the most innovative and interdisciplinary fields within contemporary linguistics, positioning itself as the science of the third millennium. Rooted in the theoretical foundations of synergetics, linguistics, and philosophy, this discipline began to take shape in the 20th century, investigating language as a complex, self-organizing, and evolving system. The multidimensional nature of language allows researchers to use synergetic methods in various areas of linguistic investigation.This approach has opened new pathways for exploring how language evolves, functions, and interacts within complex communicative and cognitive systems

SPECIAL TRAINING EQUIPMENT AND METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING SPECIFIC PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF F33 AND F34 CLASSIFICATION PARA SHOT PUT THROWERS

Gulira’no Pulatova — 2025-11-18

This article provides information about a new training device created to enhance the strength and physical qualities of para-nuclear throwers in the F33 and F34 classifications, as well as the methodology for its application.

ON THE STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING POPULATION HEALTH IN UZBEKISTAN THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION OF OPEN SPORTS AREAS IN PUBLIC PLACES

O. Kh. Abdalimov — 2025-11-17

Maintaining and improving public health is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of urban development and rising morbidity due to a sedentary lifestyle. This article attempts to highlight one of the priority areas of Uzbekistan's state social policy: the creation of accessible and effective infrastructure for physical education and sports, specifically the establishment of open sports grounds in public spaces. The author believes that this approach can be an effective tool for increasing citizens' physical activity, promoting public health, preventing chronic diseases, and fostering a healthy lifestyle culture.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PHYSICAL ABILITIES OF BEGINNER JUDOKAS THROUGH ACTIVE GAMES

Aziza Abdujalilovna Jumagulova — 2025-11-18

This article demonstrates the development of physical abilities in beginner judokas through the use of ten selected active games during training sessions. To determine the overall level of physical development, several tests were conducted. These included: a 30-meter sprint (seconds), shuttle run 3×10 meters (seconds), standing long jump (cm), push-ups in 10 seconds (times), vertical jumps from a standing position in 10 seconds (times), and lifting the legs together to a 90-degree angle from a supine position (times). These indicators were measured before and after the pedagogical experiment to assess progress.

DEVELOPING CREATIVITY COMPETENCE IN PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: CONTENT, COMPONENTS, AND EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS

Ugiloy Toshpulatova — 2025-11-18

This article presents a design-based framework to cultivate creativity competence (CC) in prospective primary teachers. CC is articulated through motivational, cognitive, action-oriented, and reflective components, translated into indicators, tasks, and assessment rubrics. We integrate creative problem solving, project-/problem-based learning, developmentally appropriate practice, teacher–student relationships, school library workshops, and the EU’s key competences perspective. The model aligns with 4C creativity theory and draws on TTCT-linked criteria (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration). We provide ready-to-deploy materials (a 4×4 CC rubric, a four-week CPS/PBL module, PLC routines, monitoring tools). Evidence on teacher impact and relationships is considered in light of meta-analytic syntheses.

COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC MODELING OF PRESENTATION TEXTS IN HEALTH-TOURISM DESTINATIONS: A LINGUISTIC AND PERSUASIVE APPROACH

Gulrukh Karimalievna Elmuradova — 2025-11-18

This article explores the communicative-pragmatic structure of English-language presentation texts of health-tourism destinations. The study aims to identify how linguistic and pragmatic means are used to inform, evaluate, and persuade potential tourists. A corpus of 59 modern travel brochures (1,605 pages in total) published in England over the last fifteen years was analyzed using contextual, comparative, and discourse-pragmatic methods. The analysis revealed a typical four-part text model headline, introduction, main body, and call to action performing informative, evaluative, and motivational functions. Frequent linguistic markers include superlative adjectives, imperatives, modal verbs, and collective pronouns. The findings show that such texts represent a hybrid of advertising and tourism discourse, integrating value-dominants such as health, freedom, family, and respect. The proposed communicative-pragmatic model can guide the creation of effective promotional materials in the health-tourism industry.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FEMALE STUDENT BASKETBALL PLAYERS

N.S. Kurbanova — 2025-11-18

This article substantiates the effectiveness of a pedagogical approach for developing the physical fitness of female student basketball players. The study is based on a comparative analysis of results achieved through the application of a special block of exercises within the annual training sessions, using a systematic, specialty-specific approach.

DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS THROUGH PEDAGOGICAL COACHING

Zukhra Akramova — 2025-11-18

This study investigates the role of pedagogical coaching in developing the professional competencies of prospective primary school teachers. An experimental approach based on the GROW model was employed, involving 30 participants. Diagnostic surveys were administered before and after the coaching sessions to evaluate changes in key competencies. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ ability to plan lessons, manage classroom environments, reflect critically, and set personal development goals. Coaching was found to enhance motivation, decision-making, and self-directed learning. The article presents a detailed analysis of the coaching methodology, its implementation process, and its positive effects on teacher training.

FACTORS OF STRENGTHENING PUBLIC HEALTH THROUGH MASS PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Jamshid Zikrullayevich Isoqov — 2025-11-18

This article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of improving public health through mass physical education. It analyzes the role of physical activity in forming a healthy lifestyle and the effective organization methods of mass physical culture under modern Uzbek conditions.

TECHNOLOGIES OF DESIGNING THE METHODOLOGY OF DIFFERENTIATED LITERARY EDUCATION IN PRESIDENTIAL AND CREATIVE-SPECIALIZED SCHOOLS

Umida Sapayevna Shermatova — 2025-11-18

This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations of designing a differentiated literary education methodology in presidential and creative specialized schools. It analyzes the concept of methodological design and its differences from traditional methodological planning using scientific research. It describes a step-by-step system for the design process, including its aspects related to content, form, technology, and tools. Particular attention is paid to personalization, an integrative approach, and interdisciplinary connections in education. The article explores the specifics of developing student-centered methodological models for differentiated learning. The advantages of effectively integrating digital technologies into the educational process are substantiated. Using presidential schools as an example, it demonstrates the practical value of a creative, interactive, and competency-based approach. Effective methods of reflection, portfolio, and self-assessment in the methodological design assessment system are also considered. Finally, it evaluates the design of differentiated literary education as an important factor in creating an innovative and personalized educational model for presidential and creative schools.

MOTIVATING STUDENTS THROUGH COLLABORATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING

Nodira Baltayeva — 2025-11-17

This article examines the role of collaborative learning in motivating students to enhance their foreign language skills. Collaborative language learning, which emphasizes interaction, teamwork, and peer support, fosters not only linguistic development but also social and cognitive engagement. The study highlights strategies such as group discussions, project-based tasks, peer teaching, role-plays, and cooperative problem-solving activities that encourage active participation and language practice. The article also addresses challenges such as unequal participation, group dynamics, and assessment of collaborative work, offering practical solutions for educators. By promoting a supportive and interactive learning environment, collaborative language learning increases motivation, boosts confidence, and enhances communicative competence in both English and Uzbek contexts.

REDUCING PHYSICAL FITNESS DIFFERENCES AMONG STUDENTS THROUGH GYMNASTICS TOOLS

Mukhriddin Akbarov — 2025-11-18

The development of students’ physical fitness is one of the key objectives of physical education in general secondary schools. However, there are often significant differences in physical preparedness among students of the same age due to individual capabilities, motivation, and activity levels. The purpose of this study is to reduce the gap in physical fitness indicators between less and more physically prepared students through the systematic use of gymnastics tools and exercises. The study involved middle school students who participated in an experimental program that integrated gymnastics exercises into regular physical education lessons. As a result, students with initially lower fitness levels showed significant improvements in strength, speed, and flexibility, approaching the performance of their more physically prepared peers.

THE IMPACT OF THE INNOVATIVE DEVICE 'MOTION CONTROL XR' ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LESSONS FOR DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING STUDENTS

Ruxsora Xursanova — 2025-11-18

This article presents the impact of the innovative ‘Motion Control XR’ device on the effectiveness of lessons for deaf and hard-of-hearing students, as well as its analysis.

METHODOLOGY OF DEVELOPING TECHNICAL PREPAREDNESS OF 11–12-YEAR-OLD TAEKWONDO ATHLETES BASED ON KINEMATIC AND KINETIC INDICATORS

Shokhista Sayfiddinovna Isokova — 2025-11-18

This article explores the methodology for developing and enhancing the technical preparedness of 11–12-year-old taekwondo athletes based on kinematic and kinetic indicators. The research provides an in-depth analysis of striking techniques, movement speed, power, and coordination abilities. Particular emphasis was placed on identifying the individual developmental characteristics of young athletes and applying digital tools for monitoring and objective evaluation of motor actions, which enabled the achievement of scientifically validated results.

Based on the findings, methodological recommendations were developed to improve the efficiency of training processes. The proposed methodology facilitates the step-by-step development of technical skills in young taekwondo practitioners, enhances training effectiveness, and supports comprehensive preparation for competitive activities. The outcomes hold significant value for sports pedagogy, offering both practical and methodological contributions as well as a scientific foundation for further studies on the training of young taekwondo athletes.

OPTIMIZING THE TECHNICAL, TACTICAL, AND PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF JUDOKAS IN COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE

Feruz Beshimovich Sayidov — 2025-11-18

This article examines the optimization of technical, tactical, and physical preparation in judokas during competitive performance. The study highlights the significance of a comprehensive approach to training that integrates physical conditioning, technical execution, and tactical decision-making. Modern methods of load distribution, movement analysis, and situational training are analyzed to enhance the athlete’s performance efficiency. The research emphasizes that optimizing these components contributes to improved competitive outcomes, injury prevention, and the development of sport-specific skills required for high-level judo performance.

ADVANTAGES AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF USING CASE STUDIES TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE

Ulugbek Suyunbayevich Khonimkulov — 2025-11-17

This This article highlights the main issues of the advantages and practical significance of using case study technology in teaching computer science, which allows moving to a qualitatively new stage of pedagogical activity, significantly increasing its didactic, information, methodological and technological capabilities. Currently, the use of modern, interactive and innovative pedagogical technologies in the educational process, along with traditional methods of teaching, is gaining relevance. Such technologies serve to form students' independent thinking, analytical approach, and practical skills. Since computer science, by its very nature, involves practical issues, algorithmic thinking, and technical details, it is especially important to use innovative approaches in teaching. In this regard, case-study technology is considered one of the effective teaching tools in computer science.

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN

Feruza Safaraliyevna Makhamatova — 2025-11-18

This article examines the strategic directions and pedagogical mechanisms for developing intellectual potential in Uzbekistan’s education system, with particular attention to teacher preparation. The introduction highlights education as a national priority since independence, linking it to democratic reforms, national identity, and socio-economic progress. The literature review demonstrates that intellectual activity extends beyond theoretical knowledge, encompassing analytical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, and moral values. Both international theorists (Vygotsky, Bruner) and national educators (Avloni, Kadiri) are cited to frame intellectual development within global and local contexts. The study applies conceptual analysis of state policies, pedagogical theories, and cultural heritage, supported by models that integrate cognitive, metacognitive, and affective domains. Findings reveal that intellectual potential is multidimensional, combining knowledge, values, creativity, and cultural identity. Higher education plays a central role in training teachers through active learning, project-based approaches, digital literacy, and exposure to literature. The discussion emphasizes that intellectual development is not only a cultural imperative but also a necessity for sustainable growth in a knowledge-based society. Teachers are expected to act as both facilitators of learning and moral guides.

RESEARCH ON THE PROCESS OF ADAPTATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF GYMNASTIC WOMEN TO TRAINING LOADS

Khurshid Khasanovich Umarov — 2025-11-18

The presented article examines the problem of managing training load through monitoring the process of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to the work performed at the pre-competition training stage for 12-14 year old gymnasts.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPETITIVE EXERCISES IN IMPROVING THE DEFENSIVE TECHNICAL ACTIONS OF SKILLED HANDBALL PLAYERS

Ganisher Tuganbaev — 2025-11-18

The aim of this research is to develop competitive exercises for enhancing crucial skills in the handball defense system and to determine the impact of these exercises on improving skills within the applied defense system. As a sample for the study, 10 skilled handball players from the Uzbek state university of physical education and sport - “USUPES” team have been selected. A set of competitive exercises was prepared to improve individual and group defensive actions in the defense system, with successful and unsuccessful attempts in pre- and post-tests being evaluated. The researcher utilized the “TomaSoft” statistical software for data analysis and calculation of various parameters. The study results revealed that the competitive exercises had a significant impact on improving defensive actions through the interdependence of handball players during gameplay.

THE COMPETITION TOOK PLACE IN TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TECHNICAL-TACTICAL TRAINING PROGRAM

Kushimboy Rasulov — 2025-11-18

This study studied the effectiveness of a training program aimed at improving the technical and tactical training of wrestlers during the pre-competition period. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of special training used in pre — competition preparation on the level of technical skill, tactical thinking and adaptation of athletes to the conditions of the competition. As a result of experimental training, there was a significant increase in the technical and tactical performance of wrestlers. The results obtained took the competition are important in planning the preparatory process on a scientific basis, the correct distribution of training loads and bringing athletes to an optimal psychophysiological state.

METHODOLOGY FOR USING THE "BIZON-1" FRICTION TRAINER IN BOXER'S STRENGTH TRAINING

Nuxriddin Abdukhamidov — 2025-11-17

This study outlines a structured methodology for incorporating the "Bizon-1" friction trainer into the strength training programs of boxers to improve their physical preparedness and performance. The methodology is based on integrating friction-based resistance exercises into regular training sessions, targeting the muscles of the hands, wrists, and forearms — critical components in developing punching power, endurance, and overall striking efficiency.

The proposed training protocol involves progressive resistance exercises using the Bizon-1 device, performed 2–3 times per week over a 4–6-week period. Each session includes specialized drills focusing on grip strength enhancement, dynamic resistance movements, and explosive force production. Pre- and post-training assessments of grip strength, punching force, and neuromuscular coordination are conducted to evaluate effectiveness.

Preliminary results indicate that the systematic use of the Bizon-1 trainer leads to significant improvements in hand strength, muscle endurance, and explosive power, as well as better neuromuscular adaptation compared to conventional strength training alone. The methodology provides a practical framework for coaches and athletes aiming to optimize physical conditioning, improve punching dynamics, and enhance competitive performance in boxing.

VALEOLOGY - METHODS OF TEACHING STUDENTS ABOUT HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Abdukarim Mamatkulovich Jurabaev — 2025-11-18

This article provides research information on the knowledge of health and healthy lifestyle of students of higher educational institutions through the science of valeology, basic concepts of valeology, assessment and research of health status, goal formation for healthy lifestyle, health maintenance and strengthening. The article discusses the close connection of the science of valeology with anatomy, physiology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, mathematics, cybernetics and other sciences, and the connection of valeology with the above-mentioned sciences, which will be discussed later in the specific tasks. We also considered it appropriate to touch on some general issues of this problem.

METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING THE STRENGTH ENDURANCE OF FEMALE STUDENT WRESTLERS THROUGH SPECIAL EXERCISES

Zamirakhon Tuganboyeva — 2025-11-18

This article presents a methodology developed based on the study of competitions held over the course of one year. The following tournaments were analyzed and observed: the Uzbekistan Championship, Uzbekistan Cup, the “Five Initiatives” Youth Tournament, Universiade, and the Youth Uzbekistan Championship. The research focuses on developing and applying a methodology to improve the strength endurance of female student wrestlers through special exercises. These special exercises are selected from existing training practices, and their implementation is adapted to the physical characteristics of female student wrestlers. The methodology defines exercise tools, norms, rest intervals, and load application sequences specifically tailored to this group. The results of the applied methodology demonstrated a positive impact on the athletes’ strength endurance, as illustrated in the presented tables and diagrams.

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GAMIFICATION TABLE IN INCREASING FEMALE STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ENGAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

Umidakhon Eshmanova — 2025-11-18

This article analyzes the importance of the gamification approach, particularly the use of gamification tables, in enhancing the physical activity of female students in higher education institutions. The gamification method makes the learning process more engaging, motivating, and effective, encouraging students to actively participate in physical education classes. This paper highlights the impact and outcomes of exercise tables developed based on the gamification system on students’ activities.

STUDY OF ISOBAR FORMATION IN CENTRAL INTERACTIONS AT 20.8 GeV/C

Nasir Shakirovich Saidkhanov — 2025-11-18

This work is devoted to the study of the formation of isobars in the interactions of protons with the nuclei of a photoemulsion irradiated with protons with a pulse of 20.8 GeV/s. Events with at least two relativistic particles ejecting at an angle of less than 170 were selected for research. At the same time, the presence of highly ionizing particles with a number of at least 8 was required. Pulse and ionization measurements were carried out on the traces of highly ionizing particles. The method of selecting рπ± stars is described. For stars in which the proton was accurately identified, 472 pπ+ and 340 pπ--pairs were collected. It was assumed that the leading Δ++(1232)-isobar could form in the identified pπ+-pairs, and the leading Δ°(1232)-isobar could form in the pπ--pairs. In the mass distribution of the pπ+ events, a significant excess over the background was observed in the range of 1.12 < M < 1.4 GeV. The cross-section for the formation of Δ++(1232)-isobars is ϭΔ++ = 79 ± 26 mbn. In the distribution of events by Mpπ-, the excess of events over the background was less significant, and the cross-section for the formation of the leading Δ°(1232) isobar was found to be ϭΔ° = 65 ± 51 mbn. Based on the data on the formation of Δ++- and Δ°-isobars in central pAgBr-collisions at 20.8 GeV/c, it was concluded that most of the leading protons in such collisions are formed through the decay of isobars.

PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPING MORAL QUALITIES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Вobur Davidov — 2025-11-21

Scientific research is being conducted on the development of pedagogical and psychological features of self-management during the student period, including self-activation, self-awareness, self-development, and self-disclosure. The study emphasizes the importance of these personal qualities in fostering moral behavior, independence, and professional growth among university students. The findings highlight that the formation of moral qualities is closely related to students’ ability to manage themselves effectively and to develop a conscious attitude toward their personal and academic responsibilities.

DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING INNOVATIVE TOOLS IN DEVELOPING THE STRENGTH QUALITY OF 11–13-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS (PRELIMINARY RESULTS)

O.K. Jaksimuratov — 2025-11-18

This article presents the data of the analysis of the results recorded at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment on the development of strength qualities using exercises performed due to the resistance of one's own weight and the developed non-standard innovative sports equipment.

INFORMATION FOR ATHLETES’ SELF-MONITORING WEIGHT DIARY

Khusan Sultonov — 2025-11-18

The article presents a methodology for reducing athletes’ body weight before competitions, developed on the basis of an analysis of scientific and methodological literature and practical experience in sports. It is shown that this process should be carried out in a planned and strictly controlled manner, using individual graphs to monitor daily weight dynamics. The implementation of this methodology helps to improve the wrestlers’ working capacity.

METHODS OF USING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SELECTING ATHLETES FOR ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS

Bosim Qozoqbayevich Buriboyev — 2025-11-18

It is aimed at revealing the theoretical possibilities of training and selection of young athletes for rhythmic gymnastics, the methods of using modern technologies in training athletes for rhythmic gymnastics, the organization and conduct of gymnastics classes, as well as the actual problems of planning loads at the initial training stage.

CONTINUITY AND INTEGRITY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK COMPLEXES: MODERN APPROACHES

Muhlisa Mukhamedova — 2025-11-18

The present study investigates current practices aiming at continuity and integrity in English language textbooks in education. A successful textbook complex is characterized by clear progression and consistent methodological approaches as well as the integration of technological components with the preservation of pedagogical coherence. The article puts forward a series of recommendations for the developers of the textbooks as well as for the curriculum designers to improve continuity mechanisms in English language teaching materials with a great emphasis on systematic planning and stakeholder collaboration as two key factors in the process of cohesive educational resources creation.

IMPROVING THE TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING OF QUALIFIED WRESTLERS

MentalMadhiya Yuldosheva — 2025-11-18

This article presents the positive aspects of applying technical and tactical principles aimed at enhancing the skills and competencies of qualified wrestlers during pre-competition training processes. Such an approach contributes to improving the technical-tactical preparation of skilled wrestlers before competitions, developing their competitive abilities, and organizing multi-year training stages based on new innovative methods. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention not only to the manifestation of physical qualities but also to the diagnosis of an athlete’s potential in the chosen sport and the analysis of technical-tactical movements in the process of selection for professional sports.

THE ROLE OF DATA ANALYTICS IN IMPROVING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL PERFORMANCE IN WOMEN'S FOOTBALL

Jamoliddin Komilov — 2025-11-18

In recent years, women's football has been developing rapidly. Along with physical training, technical and tactical indicators are also one of the important factors in the team's success. This article analyzes the role of data analytics in improving technical and tactical indicators in women's football. The possibilities of obtaining accurate data through game statistics, GPS tracking, video analytics, and models based on artificial intelligence are shown. Based on practical examples and experiments, it has been proven that data analysis helps coaches make scientifically based decisions.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPEECH SKILLS OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Guzal Elibayevna Sheraliyeva — 2025-11-18

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the main factors influencing the process of forming and developing speech skills of future primary school teachers. The linguistic and psychological aspects of speech are covered based on the theories of Jean Piaget and L.S. Vygotsky. Also, the composition of speech skills, including expressive speech, listening, reasoning, questioning and discussion skills, is considered from a pedagogical point of view. The article also highlights the role of speech culture in the professional competence of a teacher and puts forward practical recommendations.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTILLING NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL VALUES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES

Shodiyor Urolovich Atamurodov — 2025-11-17

This study explores the effectiveness of using physical education and sports activities to instill national and universal values in primary school students. It highlights how games, exercises, and teamwork help develop moral qualities such as respect, unity, patriotism, and responsibility. The research emphasizes the role of sports events as an educational tool for shaping students’ personality and promoting a healthy lifestyle in accordance with national traditions and universal human values.

FROM ORIGINS: COMPARATIVE INSIGHTS INTO THE NOVEL IN AMERICAN AND UZBEK LITERATURE (JAMES FENIMORE COOPER AND ABDULLA QODIRIY)

Makhliyo Yunusovna Umarova — 2025-11-18

This article presents a comparative study of the development of the novel genre in American and Uzbek literature through the works of James Fenimore Cooper and Abdulla Qodiriy. It explores how both authors, despite operating in distinct historical and cultural contexts, contributed to shaping the narrative structure, thematic focus, and artistic expression of the novel in their respective literatures. Cooper’s works are examined in relation to the political and spiritual dimensions of American independence, the formation of national identity, and the tension between nature and civilization. Qodiriy’s novels are analyzed within the framework of the Jadid movement and early 20th-century socio-political transformations in Uzbekistan, highlighting the moral, spiritual, and social dilemmas reflected in his characters. The study emphasizes the enduring significance of both authors in understanding the evolution of the novel, the interaction between literature and society, and the role of literary works in shaping cultural and national consciousness.

EMPOWERING EDUCATORS: HOW AI TOOLS SUPPORT CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Navbakhor Khasanova — 2025-11-18

In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force reshaping traditional models of teaching and learning. This article explores the ways AI technologies contribute to the continuous professional development (CPD) of educators by enhancing access to personalized learning, data-driven insights, and innovative pedagogical resources. The study examines AI-powered tools such as intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive training platforms, and virtual professional learning communities that provide teachers with ongoing, individualized support. Furthermore, it discusses how AI assists in identifying skill gaps, recommending relevant training programs, and fostering reflective practice through real-time feedback and analytics. The article also addresses the ethical and practical challenges of AI implementation, including issues of digital literacy, data privacy, and the need for institutional readiness. Ultimately, it argues that AI, when integrated thoughtfully, empowers educators to become more autonomous, innovative, and responsive to the evolving demands of modern education, thereby fostering a culture of lifelong professional growth.

PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LONG-TERM TRAINING OF BELT WRESTLERS

Iqbal Burkhanjonovich Isayev — 2025-11-18

This article belted wrestlers to competitions preparation system modernization to do on the surface wide scope affairs take there was Competition took preparation stage physical adjectives development, technical - tactical actions improvement and of training new tools, methods using load, volume and intensity in order put and light up given.

EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIZING ATHLETICS CLUBS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

Bunyodbek Ruziqulov — 2025-11-18

This article discusses the processes of organizing athletics clubs in higher education institutions, the effectiveness of the developed methodology, taking into account the characteristics of students' physical and functional development, and the correct selection of tools and methods applied. It highlights the positive aspects of a training system capable of preparing athletes who can compete strongly on an international scale. This determines the need for new scientific research on selecting reserve athletes and organizing effective training processes with them during multi-year preparation stages. In athletics training, structuring the training process for students first requires attention to their level of physical development.

THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER AND EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM ORGANIZATION IN DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: A FOCUS ON TOURISM STUDENTS AT B1-B2 LEVELS

Hasan Uzairovich Akhmedov — 2025-11-17

Developing speaking skills is a fundamental goal in English language teaching, especially for students majoring in tourism where communication competence plays a pivotal role in their future careers. Despite significant progress in language teaching methodologies, many learners at the B1–B2 levels still face difficulties in expressing themselves fluently and confidently in real-life situations. This study explores the dual role of the teacher as both facilitator and motivator in enhancing students’ speaking abilities and examines how effective classroom organization contributes to successful communication outcomes. By integrating theoretical approaches such as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Task-Based Learning (TBLT), and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory with practical classroom strategies, the study proposes a pedagogical model tailored to tourism students’ needs. An experimental approach was applied with 60 participants in two groups: a control group receiving traditional instruction and an experimental group engaged in interactive speaking tasks, role-plays, and authentic communication scenarios. Results indicated a 30% improvement in fluency, vocabulary range, and confidence in the experimental group. The findings highlight the critical importance of teacher scaffolding, feedback, and classroom interaction design in developing communicative competence. This research contributes to English for Specific Purposes (ESP) methodology and provides practical implications for teachers aiming to enhance speaking skills in tourism education contexts.

ON THE LINGUOPOETIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF A.S. PUSHKIN’S ROMANTIC POEM “THE PRISONER OF THE CAUCASUS” INTO THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

A.L Kenzhaev — 2025-11-18

This article examines the translation of A.S. Pushkin’s romantic poem “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”, carried out by the Uzbek poet and translator Hamid Alimjan. The paper analyzes certain aspects of how the poetics of the original poem are recreated in the translation. Selected excerpts of the original and the translation are compared and discussed.

THE EXPRESSION OF INSULT IN SPEECH ACTS

Zilola Mukumovna Tukhtasinova — 2025-11-18

This article describes the concept in modern linguistics, highlighting its close connection to thinking and the reflection of culture within language. It states that speech must be analyzed through interaction and discourse, building upon Austin’s Speech Act Theory which distinguishes between the locutionary, the illocutionary, and the perlocutionary. The primary focus is the illocutionary linguocultural concept of “insult” defined as a negative speech act intended to degrade an addressee’s social status through verbal aggression. The study proposes a discourse realization model for insult, categorizing instances into three types – invective, stratagem, and perversive – based on the moral justification and public evaluation of the addresser and addressee.