Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

THE INTEGRATION OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL-TACTICAL AND PHYSICAL MOVEMENTS IN GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING

Ahror Azizov — 2025-01-25

The improvement of the sports training of Greco-Roman wrestlers was influenced by the development of individual physical qualities, on the basis of which it was announced to increase the level of activity in competitions, exercise complexes were developed, including a crossfit training system in order to develop strength endurance. The strength endurance of athletes at the stage of sports specialization, which contributes to the successful performance of technical movements in the technique of attack. The dynamics of indicators of strength endurance development in the studied groups is shown.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MODELING THE COMPONENTS OF WRESTLERS' COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY

Sirojiddin Karimov — 2025-01-25

The article examines the theoretical aspects of modeling the competitive performance of wrestlers at the stage of sports improvement. In sports, modeling the components of competitive performance is considered an essential element of preparation for competitions. The key components of wrestlers' competitive performance include preparation for the match, planning the upcoming bout, and mastering primary and auxiliary technical movements. Tactical actions are chosen based on wrestlers' methods of conducting the match (attack and counterattack).

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK OF POSTMETHOD PEDAGOGY IN ELT

Munisa Tursunova — 2025-01-25

Postmethod pedagogy represents a paradigm shift in English Language Teaching (ELT), moving beyond rigid, prescriptive methods to embrace a dynamic, context-sensitive framework. Central to this approach is Kumaravadivelu's three-dimensional framework, comprising particularity, practicality, and possibility, which prioritizes contextual adaptation, the integration of theory and practice, and the transformative potential of education. This article explores these dimensions, drawing on insights from Kumaravadivelu and Stern, to demonstrate how postmethod pedagogy reshapes ELT practices. Challenges and implications for teacher education are also discussed, highlighting the need for professional development to support reflective, autonomous, and critical practices.

EFFICIENCY OF QUALITATIVE MASTERING OF ROWING TECHNIQUE ELEMENTS IN 10-11 YEAR OLD KAYAKERS

B. F. IKROMOV — 2025-01-25

The article reveals the effectiveness of the means and methods used to develop the stability of the balance of kayak rowers at the initial stage of training with the help of innovative simulators and special exercises.

QUESTIONNAIRE AS A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF STRETCHING EXERCISES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLEXIBILITY IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Kumushoy Nazarova — 2025-01-25

This article was conducted using a survey method to determine the role and importance of stretching exercises in the development of flexibility in rhythmic gymnastics, as well as the amount of time allocated for the development of flexibility in young artistic gymnasts. The article describes the key stages of developing and implementing the questionnaire, as well as methods for analyzing the collected data. The results and conclusions of the study can help improve training programs and increase the effectiveness of training young gymnasts.

INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF GENDER INEQUALITY IN STEM INDUSTRIES

Faniya Akhmedshina — 2025-01-25

Being one of the significant problems in modern society, the topic of gender inequality in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) is extremely relevant. This article examines the international experience of combating gender inequality in STEM industries, practices and examples from different countries that have proven their effectiveness. The author analyzes mentoring and mentoring initiatives, special degree programs for women scientists, as well as legislated measures to ensure equal opportunities. It describes projects, surveys and campaigns aimed at attracting girls and young women to study STEM subjects and supporting them at all stages of their careers. The gender imbalance among students receiving STEM education is an urgent global problem. According to the data of 2024, the proportion of boys in most STEM fields around the world still significantly exceeds the proportion of girls. The article examines practical foreign experience in solving the problem of attracting an increasing number of girls and women to the STEM field.

IMPROVING PHONETIS COMPETENCE FOR ESP STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Lobarkhon Jabborova — 2025-01-25

This article discusses methods and approaches to improving phonetic skills among students learning English for special purposes (ESP – English for Specific Purposes). Special attention is paid to the phonetic difficulties faced by such students, as well as to the specific phonetic requirements that arise in the context of professional communication. The abstract discusses methods that help improve pronunciation, intonation and rhythm of speech, which are necessary for effective communication in specialized fields such as medicine, law, business communication and technical sciences. An important role in learning is given to the integration of phonetics with professionally oriented content, which increases motivation and contributes to the accelerated development of listening and speaking skills.

METHODS, FORMS, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENGAGING STUDENTS WITH ARTISTIC VALUES

Maftuna Soliyeva — 2025-01-25

The article discusses the role of artistic expression in shaping the worldview of students (through studying concepts such as “art” and “artistic values of visual arts”). It emphasizes the need for a scientifically grounded system, its structure, and a content-based phased approach, while reflecting on methods for achieving these objectives.

EDUCATIONAL TRAINING METHODOLOGY IMPROVEMENT FOR MULTILY WRESTLERS

Ikhtiyor Ganiboev — 2025-01-25

The improvement of educational training methodologies for multiple wrestlers focuses on enhancing the overall effectiveness of coaching techniques, physical conditioning, and mental preparedness. This approach aims to address the unique needs of each wrestler while promoting group cohesion and collective growth within the training environment. The methodology incorporates a combination of personalized training plans, advanced techniques for skill development, and strategies to increase mental toughness and resilience. By incorporating both individual and team-based approaches, the goal is to ensure each wrestler reaches their full potential while improving overall performance in competitive scenarios. Additionally, modern tools such as video analysis, performance tracking systems, and feedback mechanisms are utilized to monitor progress and make data-driven adjustments. The key is to balance individual needs with the dynamics of a group setting, creating a holistic training environment that supports the diverse aspects of a wrestler’s development.

IMPROVING ESP STUDENTS' SPOKEN INTERACTIONS: THE ROLE OF TRANSACTIONAL STRATEGIES

Dildora Mardieva — 2025-01-25

This article analyzes and discusses the topic of improving students' verbal communication: the role of transactional strategies.

PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE IN TEACHING ENGLISH

Umida Abduvakhabova — 2025-01-25

Pragmatic competence, the ability to use language effectively in contextually appropriate ways, is a crucial component of foreign language proficiency. This paper explores the role of pragmatics in foreign language teaching, the challenges in teaching pragmatic competence, and strategies to integrate pragmatic instruction effectively. Results highlight the impact of pragmatic instruction on learners’ communication skills and intercultural competence, emphasizing the need for pragmatic awareness in foreign language pedagogy.

DETERMINING THE ADVANTAGES OF TEACHING SWIMMING TO 13-15-YEAR-OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN (BASED ON THE BREASTSTROKE TECHNIQUE)

Bokhodir Ishimov — 2025-01-25

The article presents the method of initial training of high school boys in swimming on the basis of breaststroke technique. It can be a base for learning other ways of swimming.

EXPLORING EFL TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT RESEARCH COMPETENCE

Dilafruz Sarimsakova — 2025-01-25

This article explores language teachers' beliefs about research competence and its role in effective language teaching. Using mixed approach, it examines how teachers perceive research competence, the factors shaping these beliefs, and the impact of these perceptions on their professional practices. The findings highlight significant gaps between teachers' beliefs and their engagement in research activities. This indicates the need to improve continuous professional development programs with topics to develop teachers' research knowledge, research skills, and research competence to conduct research activities in teaching.

ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPING THE QUALITIES OF QUICKNESS AND AGILITY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Duryod Egamov — 2025-01-25

This article describes the development of physical qualities through innovative technologies and its effectiveness. Questionnaires about the innovative device LD TEST in the development of the quality of speed and agility of elementary school students. It has been written about the level of extracurricular clubs and physical education classes today.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS AT THE STAGE OF SPORTS IMPROVEMENT

Anvar Mamatraimov — 2025-01-25

The article examines the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists who conducted research in the field of training football players and improving the effectiveness of competitive activities. Based on the analysis of the amount and intensity of loads given during the training of players at the stage of sports improvement, the factors influencing the performance of players in competitions are determined. According to the control tests, it is proven that there is a high correlation between the increase in the NHB of participants and the accuracy of technical and tactical actions. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are made.

UNITS PARTICIPATING IN THE COMPARATIVE RELATION IN THE EXAMPLE OF GRADUONYMS

Nargis Yusupova — 2025-01-25

This article deals with graduonymic field, that is the type of lexical-semantic relation, in linguistics of Uzbek language, and the issue of graduonymic relations. It explores the nature of gradual antonyms, analyzing their functions, structures, and stylistic effects within these two separate linguistic contexts. Through this comparative lens, we aim to unravel the subtle threads that weave together the fabric of linguistic diversity, inviting readers to embark on a voyage of discovery across linguistic and cultural boundaries.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF SPECIAL TRAINING OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED BIATHLETES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SPECIFICS OF THEIR COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES

Bakhtiyar Inakov — 2025-01-25

This study proposed and experimentally tested a methodology for improving the special training of biathletes, taking into account the peculiarities of competitive activity. The results of a pedagogical experiment conducted as part of the work are also presented. The main focus was on the development of combined training actions aimed at improving shooting accuracy and enhancing athletes' physical conditioning. The results of the experiment showed a significant improvement in the level of technical and tactical preparedness in the experimental group, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

STUDY OF WEAK INTERACTIONS THROUGH FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS

Anvar Qurbonov — 2025-01-25

In the study of the properties of micro-particles in nuclear and elementary particle physics, the theory known as the Standard Model is used. According to the Standard Model, the fundamental constituents of the universe are quarks, leptons, and intermediate bosons. These elementary particles participate in four types of interactions: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational. Each interaction involves specific elementary particles and intermediate bosons that mediate the interactions. The particles participating in weak interactions are charged with what is called the weak charge – these include quarks and leptons. The mediators of weak interactions are the W^± and Z massive intermediate bosons. The weak interaction is represented in a diagram using Feynman diagrams.

MISSION-BASED TEACHING APPROACH AND ITS ROLE IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Mahliyo Bakhronova — 2025-01-25

This article explores the mission-based teaching approach and its effectiveness in foreign language education. It begins by defining the methodology as a learner-centered strategy that emphasizes real-world, goal-oriented tasks, or “missions.” These tasks integrate various language skills, fostering active student engagement and practical application of the target language. The article outlines key features of this approach, such as authenticity, student agency, collaboration, and interdisciplinary learning.

The author highlights the benefits of mission-based teaching, including enhanced motivation, real-world applicability, cultural competence, and integrated skill development. Practical implementation strategies are discussed, emphasizing the need for realistic scenarios, clear objectives, scaffolding, and the use of technology. Challenges, such as time constraints and student adaptation, are also addressed, with solutions to mitigate these issues.

In conclusion, the article underscores the mission-based approach’s transformative potential. It moves language instruction from passive to active learning and prepares students for global citizenship. This method is positioned as a forward-thinking strategy in the evolving field of foreign language education.

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTH ENDURANCE AT THE EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING STAGE OF GYMNASTS' TRAINING

G. M. Khasanova — 2025-01-25

The presented article is devoted to the problem of development of strength endurance at the educational and training stage of preparation of gymnasts. The definition of strength endurance is given in detail. A set of exercises for development and improvement, as well as control of power endurance is proposed.

PARABADMINTONIST CLASSIFICATION FEATURES

D. A. Xo‘jamkeldiyeva — 2025-01-25

This article describes the sport of para-badminton and its specific features. Parabadminton has entered the Paralympic sports and has specially adapted training and competition systems for athletes with musculoskeletal injuries. Athletes participate in competitions based on special classifications, which are divided by athletes' mobility and degree of injury. The article provides detailed information about the rules of para-badminton competitions, the use of special equipment, as well as the principles that athletes must follow in their training process. It is noted that the number of international parabadminton competitions is increasing year after year, and this sport reflects modern trends.

TEACHING THE INITIAL MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE TO ROWERS DURING THE BEGINNER PREPARATION PHASE OF SLALOM

Fakhriddin Madaminov — 2025-01-25

The article explores methods for effectively teaching the initial technical movements to rowers during the beginner preparation phase of slalom. This process is carried out by organizing training sessions aimed at adapting to water environments and slalom conditions, taking into account the individual development characteristics of the athletes.

EFFECTIVENESS OF UTILIZING CIRCULAR TRAINING FEATURES FOR SWIMMERS IN SPORT-RECREATIONAL GROUPS

Shukhrat Pirnazarov — 2025-01-25

The article presents material on the issues of general physical training of swimmers at the sports and recreation group stages. The results of a pedagogical experiment on the approbation of the developed complexes of general physical training with elements of circular training are presented. In the course of the research, two complexes have been developed, which are used alternately. The first complex includes exercises for the development of explosive strength and speed, and the second complex contains exercises for the development of flexibility and strength endurance. The method of using the complexes involves a gradual complication and alternation of exercises. The duration of one complex is 15 minutes. Experimental testing of the developed complexes has shown their effectiveness. A significant increase in the indicators of strength training, flexibility and speed of swimmers aged 8-11 years was revealed. Additionally, as a result of the survey of those involved, a high subjective assessment of the developed complexes was revealed.

THE ROLE OF COORDINATION ABILITIES IN THE INITIAL TRAINING PROCESS FOR CANOE PADDLING

Zikirillo Azimov — 2025-01-25

The article reveals the role and importance of developing of balance skills and the feeling of water when learning the technique of canoe paddling.

METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING TRAINING LOADS FOR PARA-CYCLING ATHLETES

J. Jumaniyоzov — 2025-01-25

This article presents information on the development of a methodology for optimizing training loads for paraveline athletes, the use of instrumental methods aimed at planning and standardizing workloads on weekdays, as well as the methodology for planning physical classes.

“COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GAIT-RUN TEMPORAL PARAMETERS IN THE PASSE TECHNIQUE AMONG RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS: INSIGHTS FROM CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS”

Dilshoda Tursunova — 2025-01-25

This study focuses on the comparative analysis of gait-run temporal parameters during the execution of the passe technical movement by rhythmic gymnasts in control and experimental groups. Key temporal aspects such as cadence (steps per minute), flight time, support time, and step length are examined. The study delves into detailed comparisons between the right and left limbs, evaluating parameters like right and left flight time as well as right and left support time. Results aim to provide insights into the biomechanical differences between the two groups, enhancing training techniques and understanding rhythmic gymnasts' motor efficiency.

STUDYING THE NEEDS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS IN ENGLISH

Nigora Goyibova — 2025-01-25

Writing proficiency is a critical skill for L2 English learners, particularly in academic settings where English is the medium of instruction. However, learners who struggle with English confront several obstacles, such as grammatical mistakes, a small vocabulary, and issues with punctuation, organization, and consistency. These challenges impair their capacity for clear communication and strong academic performance. This research examines the complex nature of L2 learners' writing difficulties and highlights the need of using specialized teaching techniques to solve these problems. In order to promote language development, this study emphasizes the necessity of a well-rounded strategy that incorporates writing-for-learning and writing-for-writing assignments. Teachers may foster inclusive settings that help kids succeed academically and write more effectively by addressing particular issues and using focused interventions. Future studies should investigate cutting-edge teaching strategies for successfully improving L2 writing abilities.

EXPLORING PODCASTS IN EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW ON LISTENING SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Nozima Musayeva — 2025-01-25

Listening is a vital skill for communication and language learning. It enhances understanding, interaction, and assessing information. Podcasts, with their accessibility and flexibility, improve listening comprehension by exposing learners to authentic language and diverse accents. They promote autonomy, motivation, and engagement, making them valuable in modern, self-paced, and resource-limited educational contexts. This study aims to comprehensively understand podcasts' transformative potential in education, with implications for their integration into future teaching practices and technologies. This bibliometric review analyzed 68 podcast-based listening skills development publications from 2006 to 2024 using the Web of Science database. This review highlights podcasts as a growing educational tool for enhancing L2 listening skills. While podcasts complement traditional methods, their accessibility benefits resource-limited learners.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND KOREAN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION CHALLENGES (ON THE BASE OF DIGITAL TOOLS)

Surayyo Atadjanova — 2025-01-25

This article discovers the comparative study results, difficulties related to acquiring English and Korean languages` acquisition via using digital tools, focusing on the structural, phonetic, and cultural differences those impact learners' experiences. Besides, it focuses on the efficiency of AI tools for improving language skills such as, grammar, vocabulary, writing, listening and speaking. Additionally, it also studies appropriate nuances, such as Korean's honorific system and English idiomatic expressions, which may lead language learners to misunderstanding.

THE EVOLUTION OF ANTHROPOCENTRIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Anora Jabbarova — 2025-01-25

This article explores the evolution of anthropocentric phraseological units (APUs) in English and Uzbek, examining their historical development and the socio-cultural factors that shape their formation. Focusing on the anthropocentric nature of these expressions, the study compares how both languages reflect human experience and societal values through phrases centered on human beings. The analysis reveals that while both languages prioritize human figures in their phraseological expressions, cultural differences rooted in history, religion, and social structures create distinct variations in their usage and meaning. English PUs tend to emphasize individualism, autonomy, and personal achievement, reflecting its liberal and capitalist values, whereas Uzbek PUs highlight collective well-being, familial bonds, and spirituality, shaped by Islamic teachings and the socialist era. The evolution of these expressions mirrors broader societal shifts, including movements toward gender equality, individual empowerment, and changing cultural norms. By analyzing the linguistic structures and semantics of PUs in both languages, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the interconnections between language, culture, and society, highlighting the dynamic nature of anthropocentric expressions in a globalized world.

CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ORNITHONYMS (BIRD NAMES) IN TURKISH MANUSCRIPTS OF THE 11TH-14TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MANUSCRIPTS "TARJUMON TURKIY" AND "DIVAN LUGAT AL TURK")

A’zamkhon Sobitov — 2025-01-25

This article provides a comparative linguistic analysis of the names of animals belonging to the families of sparrows, falcons, wrens, geese, vertebrates, chickens, and pheasants found in ancient Turkic manuscripts of the 11th-14th centuries, including Makhmud Kashgari's "Divan lugat al turk" (Turkish Dictionary) as well as "Tarjumon turki" (Turkish Dictionary), and discusses their adequate translations into modern English. Those of these zoonyms that came in the form of a complete dictionary were translated and comparatively analyzed, while those that came in the form of proverbs, wisdom, and poetic fragments, which are considered literary genres, were enriched with detailed explanations and definitions. The lexical and semantic features of animal names, in particular ornithonyms (bird names), taken from the manuscripts for comparative analysis are covered in detail. In the comparative analysis, especially in the most accurate translation into English, an English dictionary dedicated to the etymology of ancient Turkic languages was used.

THE ECLECTIC APPROACH IN TEACHING WRITING

Albina Elmuratova — 2025-01-25

Writing is a core component of language education, it is considered as the most challenging skill to master because it requires complex linguistics knowledge. Yet teaching it effectively has been an ongoing challenge. Traditional approaches to teaching have limitations when applied exclusively. This paper explores the eclectic approach to teaching writing, which integrates elements from various methodologies to provide a more holistic and adaptive strategy for different learning contexts. Through a comprehensive analysis of theoretical foundations, practical applications, and empirical evidence, this study emphasizes the benefits of an eclectic approach in addressing the multifaceted nature of writing instruction.

TEACHING METHODOLOGY FOR ROWING ELEMENTS IN ACADEMIC ROWING

Islambek Mambetnazarov — 2025-01-25

As a result of the development of a set of exercises aimed at timely identification and correction of problems arising during the improvement of technical training and negative factors encountered in the incorrect performance of technical elements at the stage of long-term training, the quality of the sounding technique has been significantly improved by bringing the sounding movements to the level of reflex automation.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF TEACHING ACCORDING TO UPDATED EDUCATIONAL CONTENT

Janar Seyda Abdurakhimova — 2025-01-25

The education system is essential to the creative economy in a knowledge- and information-driven society. Today's expert must be competent in the new innovative economy, which includes having an opinion in his field, being professional, being able to adjust to changing circumstances, and using his knowledge appropriately and adding to it as needed. How can we properly educate the next generation in a culture like this? All teachers indeed worry about this question. The teacher dramatically influences a child's education. Sometimes, we knew what we needed for school, but we weren't sure how to teach the youngsters how to apply it. This article will focus on effective teaching strategies for the most recent educational material in foreign language instruction.

KINEMATIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE ARM WRAPPING AND THROWING MOVEMENT FROM A STANDING POSITION IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS' TECHNICAL TRAINING (BASED ON THE EXECUTION OF THE TECHNIQUE TO THE RIGHT SIDE)

Djasur Tashnazarov — 2025-01-25

This article presents the angular measurements of body parts influencing the execution of the right-side arm wrapping and throwing technique in the training processes of Greco-Roman wrestlers in the U20, U23, and senior categories. A kinematic analysis was conducted to assess the accuracy of the right-side technical movement in Greco-Roman wrestling, identify movement errors, and explore strategies for their correction.

THE SECRETS OF PERFECT MEMORY AND REMEMBERING

Mahfuza Sadullayeva — 2025-01-25

This article talks about the usage of mnemonic methods for sharpening memory in educational contexts and methods of forming a perfect memory. In addition, we will focus on the owners of perfect memories and their methods. Memory is necessary and important in the storage of historical data, analysis of the events, persons and periods that performed them. In this article, we have explained the role of high-quality educational materials, interactive learning tools, and individualized learning technologies in developing memory skills and processes that are important in expanding the scope of history education, students, and their existing memory. In addition, we have included some ways to eliminate these problems.

GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES AND BEST PRACTICES

Nodira Egamberdiyeva — 2025-01-25

Gender equality in education is a cornerstone of sustainable development, fostering equity, inclusivity, and economic growth. This article explores the global perspectives on gender parity in education, highlighting progress made and persistent challenges. It examines international policies, national strategies, and frameworks like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that aim to bridge educational disparities. The article also shares best practices, including community involvement, gender-sensitive curricula, and innovative partnerships, while showcasing success stories from diverse regions. The discussion underscores the transformative role of education in advancing gender equality and provides actionable recommendations to address future challenges, ensuring equitable access to quality education for all.

TEACHING THE INITIAL MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE OF ROWERS IN SLALOM AT THE INITIAL TRAINING STAGE

Faxriddin Madaminov — 2025-01-25

This article discusses the methods for teaching the initial movement technique of rowers in slalom during the initial training stage. The process is carried out through the effective organization of exercises aimed at adapting athletes to water conditions and slalom environments, taking into account their individual development characteristics.

LITERATURE AS A DRIVER FOR INDEPENDENCE: AMERICAN AND UZBEK LITERATURE IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Jasur Khudoyberdiev — 2025-01-25

: It was commonly believed that literature focused on aesthetic purposes while politics occupied a separate realm with distinct characteristics. However, a number of literary figures could demonstrate the ability to skillfully employ literary genres to convey in their writings their political agendas explicitly addressing political issues. This research delves into the realm of American Enlightenment and Uzbek Jadid literature, examining how the politics of colonialism, national resistance, and the formation of national identity influenced the emergence of new literary genres. The research focuses on the works of renowned American Enlightenment writers and Uzbek Jadid writers, shedding light on the literary forms and genres they produced. A comparative analysis reveals that the literary works of the period in question lend themselves well to contrasting and comparing experiences, themes, and strategies utilised within British and Russian colonial contexts.

PEDAGOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN PREPARING FUTURE HISTORY TEACHERS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

Feruza Ilmurodova — 2025-01-25

The article describes conceptual ideas aimed at the formation of methodological competence of future history teachers. The importance of general methodological and specific methodological knowledge in the preparation of future history teachers for professional activity is highlighted in the article. It is stated that the study of the methodology of teaching history in modern conditions has a practice-oriented character and is an important component of the professional training of a history teacher.

SOCIAL PEDAGOGY AS A SOCIAL NEED

Dilbar Karshieva — 2025-01-25

In the article, the main task of social pedagogy is to study the problems of social education, and its object is educational processes of social life. The influence of the social environment on the formation of the personality, including the educational influence of the family, is important. Social pedagogy, as its name suggests, deals with society. Therefore, it can be called social education. Community education means education carried out within the human system. Today, interest in social pedagogy has arisen based on the needs of society's development and the social order of the state. The article talks about the necessity and importance of social pedagogy today.