Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

A METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR DEVELOPING FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES THROUGH PEDAGOGICAL COACHING

Zukhra Akramova — 2026-03-03

This article proposes and substantiates a methodological model for developing future primary school teachers’ professional competencies in teacher education through pedagogical coaching. The model targets a set of key competencies required in contemporary primary education—methodological (instructional design and delivery), communicative, reflective, classroom management, and assessment competencies. Conceptually, pedagogical coaching is treated as a partnership (subject–subject) process that deepens awareness through powerful questioning, supports responsibility for improvement, and builds a culture of formative feedback. Methodologically, the study employs theoretical analysis of coaching and reflective-practice literature, modelling, and methodological design. As a management framework for coaching sessions, the GROW algorithm (Goal–Reality–Options–Will) is used to structure goal setting, situational diagnosis, option generation, and commitment to action. As a practice-oriented component, microteaching and video/observation-based analysis are integrated, enabling repeated cycles of planning, trial, evidence-based discussion, and refinement. To monitor competency dynamics, a concise lesson-analysis rubric, a question bank aligned to GROW stages, and reflective journal templates are offered. The proposed model provides actionable methodological guidance for systematically designing coaching sessions in higher education, defining observable competency indicators, and linking them to assessment criteria and feedback protocols.

VITAMIN PROPERTIES OF ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L

Nilufar Suyunova — 2026-03-03

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the beneficial, therapeutic, and physiological properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) based on scientific literature and experimental studies. Within the scope of the research, the historical use, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and biological activity of dill were systematically investigated. The analysis of scientific literature demonstrated that the plant is rich in essential oils, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, and mineral substances. In particular, carvone and limonene present in the essential oil were identified as the main biologically active components.

In addition, the content of water-soluble vitamins in Anethum graveolens was determined and quantitatively evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained results showed that riboflavin (vitamin B₂) was present in the highest amount, while ascorbic acid (vitamin C), pyridoxine (vitamin B₆), and folate (vitamin B₉) were detected at moderate levels. In contrast, thiamine (vitamin B₁) and niacin (vitamin B₃) were found in very low amounts. The results were compared with previously published scientific studies, and similarities as well as differences were analyzed.

The obtained scientific data confirm that Anethum graveolens exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and metabolism-regulating properties. Overall, Anethum graveolens L. can be considered a promising natural raw material for applications in phytotherapy, pharmaceuticals, and the development of functional food products.

MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING LITERARY TERMS IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

Zoyа Sаrsеnbаеvа — 2026-03-03

Thе аrtiсlе dеаls with contemporary pedagogical approaches to teaching literary terms within comparative literature, focusing on how conceptual understanding, cross-cultural interpretation, and transferable analytical skills can be strengthened through evidence-based instructional design. The research conceptualizes literary terms (e.g., genre, motif, intertextuality, focalization, symbolism) as disciplinary concepts that require both definitional clarity and contextual flexibility across languages, traditions, and media. Methodologically, the project integrates concept-based instruction, inquiry-driven learning, and contrastive textual analysis with digital humanities practices to support term acquisition as a process of modeling, application, and interpretive justification. A technology-enhanced framework is proposed that combines corpus-informed examples, annotation platforms to develop students’ metalinguistic awareness and comparative reading strategies while maintaining academic integrity and transparency in tool use.

DIDACTIC PRINCIPLES AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR IMPROVING PROJECT COMPETENCE

Lutfiya Erkinova — 2026-03-03

In the context of contemporary education, the development of project competence has become a key priority due to the growing demand for specialists capable of solving complex, real-world problems through independent, collaborative, and creative activity. Project competence integrates subject knowledge, methodological skills, critical thinking, communication abilities, and reflective practices. This article examines the didactic principles and pedagogical conditions necessary for the effective improvement of project competence in educational settings. The study is based on theoretical analysis of pedagogical literature, synthesis of modern didactic approaches, and generalization of best educational practices. The article identifies core didactic principles underpinning project-based learning and outlines pedagogical conditions that ensure the successful formation and development of learners’ project competence.

TECHNICAL TECHNIQUES WITH HIGH EFFECTIVENESS IN GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING AND THEIR ROLE IN COMPETITIONS

Shuxrat Sabitjanovich Tursunov — 2026-03-03

This study examines highly effective technical techniques used in Greco-Roman wrestling competitions and their influence on competitive performance. The research analyzes the effectiveness of offensive and counter-offensive techniques applied in both standing and parterre positions. Particular attention is given to technical actions that contribute to successful match outcomes, including their frequency of application and overall efficiency in modern competitions. Based on the findings, practical conclusions are drawn to enhance the technical and tactical preparation of Greco-Roman wrestlers. The results of this study may be beneficial for coaches and athletes in optimizing training processes.

THEORETICAL MODEL OF INTENSIVE GRAPHICAL EDUCATION IN THE SYSTEM OF CONTINUOUS EDUCATION

Kamolitdin Abduhakimovich Zoyirov — 2026-03-03

The article presents a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the state of graphic education of students of engineering and design specialties, as well as mechanisms for the formation of graphic knowledge and skills. The development of engineering and graphic science at present requires the widespread use of a new generation of technical means, devices and modern information technologies. Accordingly, this study examines in detail the theoretical models of intensive graphic education in the system of higher technical education. Intensive graphic education is carried out on the basis of the unity of the following methodological approaches to training: informational, integrative, optimization, activity, personal orientation. The author systematically analyzes the existing problems in the educational process, including the difficulties of applying theoretical knowledge by students in practice, insufficiently formed skills in working with software products, ineffective use of pedagogical methods in the learning process. To solve these problems, the author proposes the introduction of a system of leading ideas. In addition, the scientific and practical significance of the widespread use of interactive methods that contribute to the professional development of students is emphasized. The importance of independent work and critical thinking skills such as graphic training, trainings and intensive practical exercises is justified. In addition, the article outlines specific criteria developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and approaches, demonstrating their potential to increase students' professional competencies, speed and quality of design. As a result, it is emphasized that this concept will significantly develop innovative, creative and analytical thinking among students, which, in turn, will expand the possibilities of training competitive engineering specialists in accordance with the requirements of the labor market.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE SKILLS AND MECHANISMS FOR THEIR ACQUISITION FOR PRIMARY GRADES

Moxirakhon Abdumalikhodjayevna Usmonkhodjayeva — 2026-03-03

This article examines the content of effective didactic exercises and tasks used in teaching a foreign language to primary school pupils and analyses their role in enhancing learners’ linguistic and communicative development. The study focuses on interactive methods aimed at immediate response during the listening process, as well as the use of visual aids, action songs, drawing dictation activities, and dialog-based tasks. These techniques contribute to activating pupils’ linguistic activity, improving attention and memory, and facilitating the conscious and systematic acquisition of foreign language material. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the methodological significance of the “from listening to speaking” principle, demonstrating its role in the gradual formation of speaking skills. The findings highlight practical approaches to increasing the effectiveness of foreign language instruction in primary education.

DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF POTATO AUCUBA MOSAIC VIRUS (PAMV) IN THE KASHKADARYA REGION

Gulmira Sobirjonova — 2026-03-03

Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV) is one of the significant phytopathogens negatively affecting potato yield and seed quality. The present study was devoted to a comprehensive investigation of the distribution, biological characteristics, and serological and molecular identification of PAMV in the Qarshi, Koson, Kitob, Shahrisabz, and Yakkabog districts of the Kashkadarya region.

A total of 100 symptomatic samples were collected under field conditions and analyzed using the DAS-ELISA method. The overall infection rate was 25%. The highest incidence was recorded in Kitob district (35%), whereas the lowest was observed in Shahrisabz district (15%).

Mechanical inoculation resulted in local necrotic lesions in Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic mosaic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, confirming active viral replication. RT-PCR analysis revealed a 750 bp fragment corresponding to the coat protein gene, with a 92% agreement between serological and molecular results.

Evaluation of physiological responses of potato cultivars demonstrated a strong negative correlation between ascorbic acid content and symptom severity (r = −0.76; p < 0.05), suggesting that the antioxidant system may play a crucial role in virus resistance.

Additionally, potential mixed infections were observed in certain areas, indicating that synergistic interactions between PAMV and other Potexviruses or Potyviruses may increase epidemiological risk. The findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of PAMV under Uzbek agro-ecological conditions and contribute to the scientific basis for healthy seed production and selection of virus-resistant cultivars.

THE CONCEPT OF HARMONY OF NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL MORAL VALUES IN THE MIND OF MILITARY SERVANTS

Fazliddin Muminov — 2026-03-03

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical essence of the harmony of national and universal moral values in the minds of military personnel based on the IMRAD methodology. The purpose of the study is to reveal the dialectical unity of national spiritual traditions and universal ethical principles in the minds of a military person. Historical-comparative, philosophical-analytical and hermeneutic methods were used in the work. As a result, it was substantiated that the harmony of national values (patriotism, loyalty, courage) and universal values (justice, peace, humanity) forms the spiritual immunity of a military personnel. In conclusion, it is determined that this harmony is a philosophical law that ensures the balance of a person’s duty and freedom, discipline and conscience.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

Mashhura Yuldoshova — 2026-03-03

This article highlights the significance of using artificial intelligence and digital technologies in the preschool education system. It analyzes the impact of AI-based educational applications, interactive tools, and digital games on children's intellectual, linguistic, and social development. Furthermore, it demonstrates how digital technologies can facilitate a personalized approach to the learning process and strengthen collaboration between parents and educators. The article also briefly discusses potential challenges associated with the use of digital technologies and ways to address them.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSIC-INTEGRATED INSTRUCTION IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Navbakhor Khamrakulovna Xasanova — 2026-03-03

Inclusive education aims to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with diverse learning needs and disabilities. In recent years, music-integrated instruction has gained attention as an innovative pedagogical approach that supports inclusive practices. This article examines the effectiveness of music-integrated instruction in inclusive educational settings. Drawing on existing literature and classroom-based evidence, the study explores how music-based strategies enhance cognitive development, emotional engagement, social interaction, and academic participation among students with and without special educational needs. The findings suggest that music-integrated instruction promotes learner motivation, supports differentiated learning, and fosters positive classroom environments by reducing anxiety and increasing collaboration. Moreover, music serves as a universal medium that transcends linguistic, cognitive, and physical barriers, making it particularly valuable in inclusive classrooms. The article concludes that music-integrated instruction is an effective and flexible tool for inclusive education and recommends its systematic incorporation into teacher training programs and curriculum design.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF METHODS FOR FORMING THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS AND YOUTH

A’zam Boltayev — 2026-02-26

In this article, based on a program aimed at developing the physical fitness of university students using a developed exercise complex, training sessions were organized for the experimental group during the pedagogical experiment. When performing various running movements, it is necessary to develop the ankle reflex to perform the foot-stomping movement closer to the general center of gravity, that is, the hip joint. Therefore, in order to effectively pass short-distance running, long jump and throwing exercises, taking into account the academic tests of students, a set of exercises performed in a large ampullate was developed and used in practice. Based on these results, the effectiveness of the developed complex of exercises and the formation of the level.

GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER OF PHRASEOLOGICAL MEANING IN A COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIV

Abdukarim Musaev — 2026-02-27

The article substantiates the idea that the grammatical structure of phraseological units functions as a pragmatic marker influencing interpretation, communicative intention and evaluative meaning. The study is carried out within the framework of cognitive‑pragmatic linguistics and is based on the works of E. S. Kubryakova, V. N. Telia, V. I. Karasik, N. D. Arutyunova, Z. D. Popova and I. A. Sternin, as well as on speech act theory developed by J. Austin and J. Searle and the pragmatic approach proposed by Sh. Safarov. The analysis of Russian and Uzbek material shows that grammatical organization is an essential component of pragmatic orientation rather than a neutral formal feature. The novelty of the research lies in developing a typology of grammatical models of phraseological units as pragmatic markers and in their contrastive analysis.

TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING OF 14–16-YEAR-OLD JUDOKAS AND THEIR AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS

Iroda Abdurakhmonova — 2026-02-27

At the age of 14–16, judokas enter a highly intensive period of technical and tactical development. This article is aimed at studying the relationship between physical and psychological development, training loads, and the effectiveness of combinational actions. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of adolescent judokas, competition tactics, training structure, and personal qualities were examined. The results obtained through questionnaires, pedagogical observations, and statistical analysis indicate that athletes of this age possess high potential in strength and coordination abilities; however, their technical-tactical thinking and psychological preparedness are not sufficiently developed. The study substantiates the need to improve methods of teaching combined and counter techniques, to ensure age-appropriate distribution of training loads, and to enhance approaches to the development of personal qualities in young athletes.

EFFECTIVENESS OF FORMING THE COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS OF GRADES I–IV IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS

Akmal Axmadaliyevich — 2026-02-28

a person's cognitive experience is a collection of the system of knowledge about nature, society, thinking, techniques, and methods of activity. This is the main component. Because knowledge is the basis of personality formation. Knowledge is defined as the result of knowing the laws of development of existence, nature, society, and thinking. Therefore, the main functions of knowledge are to create a general picture of the world, to provide knowledge and practical activities, to create a unified scientific outlookю This article examines the implementation of strategies aimed at maximizing the development of learning inclinations and abilities, as well as the cognitive and creative capacities of students in grades 1–4, and at fostering a culture of learning grounded in collaboration between families and schools.

METHODOLOGY FOR IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ATHLETES THROUGH CIRCUIT TRAINING IN THE SPORT OF JUDO

Malik Anarbayev — 2026-03-01

This scientific article studies the effect of circuit training on the general and special physical fitness of athletes in judo. During the research, experimental and control groups were formed, and a specially developed circuit training program was used for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were reliable positive changes in the indicators of strength, endurance, speed and special movement training of athletes.

HUMOR AS A DIDACTIC TOOL IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: A COMPARATIVE STYLISTIC AND PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SHUM BOLA AND THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER

Asalkhon Nabieva — 2026-03-01

Humor is often seen as a captivating aspect of children's literature, yet its educational significance goes well beyond mere entertainment. This article delves into the use of humor as a teaching tool in Uzbek and English children's stories by conducting a comparative stylistic and pragmatic analysis of Gafur Gulom’s "Shum bola" (The Mischievous Boy) and Mark Twain’s "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer." The research seeks to uncover how humorous scenes, dialogues, and storytelling methods lead young readers to reflect on morals, become socially aware, and learn behaviors without overt moralizing. In "Shum bola," humor is intricately linked to the traditional Uzbek way of life and the daily experiences of common people, highlighting cultural values like diligence, patience, honesty, and community spirit. The comedic elements often stem from social circumstances, economic struggles, and the main character’s interactions with his environment, creating laughter that also imparts lessons on responsibility and empathy. Conversely, Twain’s novel uses irony and satire to critique societal hypocrisy and strict adult authority, particularly in the realms of school, family discipline, and community norms. Tom’s playful antics serve as a means of exploring freedom and individuality, emphasizing personal initiative and independent choices. The article employs a methodological approach that combines stylistic analysis (such as hyperbole, irony, dialogue humor, and expressive vocabulary) with pragmatic methods (including speech acts, implicature, and face strategies) to identify recurring humor patterns and their educational roles. The results show that humor in both works acts as a "soft pedagogical force," influencing ethical understanding and cultural values while maintaining entertainment and reader engagement.

TEACHER, INTERFACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, CHIRCHIK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Avazbek Muxamadaminovich — 2026-03-01

The present study analyzes the performance results of teams during the Republic stage of the Uzbekistan Laser Tag Championship held at the Uzbekistan State University of Physical Education and Sport. The research aims to evaluate players’ effectiveness in terms of points scored, frags, inactivity instances, shots fired, damage dealt, and damage received over three matches. A comprehensive statistical analysis of both Red and Blue teams’ performances was conducted to identify patterns in offensive and defensive strategies. Results show that the highest-performing players demonstrated high shooting activity and efficiency, while others exhibited lower effectiveness due to fewer frags or higher damage received. This study highlights the potential of laser tag as a digital sport to enhance students’ physical readiness, cognitive skills, and teamwork abilities. The findings can be used to optimize training programs and improve competitive strategies in digital sports.

A THEORETICAL–PRACTICAL MODEL OF ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE DEVELOPMENT

Davron Mamatkulov — 2026-03-01

This thesis is devoted to substantiating a theoretical–practical model for the development of anaerobic endurance. The aim is to define principles for the комплекс management of anaerobic power and capacity in the athlete’s body. The methodology proposes the integration of physiological analysis, pedagogical modelling, and control testing. The scientific novelty lies in combining planning, work–rest ratios, and monitoring indicators within a unified system.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INCREASING MOTOR ACTIVITY IN PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS THROUGH THE MECHANISM OF APPLYING STATODYNAMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS

Dilafruz Djurabaeva — 2026-03-01

This article presents a mathematical and statistical analysis of indicators obtained from a study on increasing the motor activity of faculty members in higher education institutions, through the application of statodynamic and psychological tools.

METHODS FOR DEVELOPING HEARING IN DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING CHILDREN

Sohiba Djurayeva — 2026-03-02

The development of auditory ability in deaf and hard-of-hearing children is a central prerequisite for successful speech perception, language acquisition, and social inclusion. Despite significant advances in hearing technologies, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, technological intervention alone does not guarantee functional hearing or oral communication. This article presents a comprehensive methodological analysis of approaches used to develop auditory skills in deaf and hard-of-hearing learners, drawing on both international research evidence and the educational context of Uzbekistan. Using a qualitative, evidence-based review methodology, the study examines three primary intervention frameworks: Auditory-Verbal Therapy, cochlear implant–based rehabilitation programs, and sign-supported or bilingual communication approaches. The findings demonstrate that early, intensive, and sustained auditory training—particularly when combined with family-centered practices—significantly improves listening and spoken language outcomes. Cochlear implantation yields the most favorable results when performed early and followed by structured post-implant rehabilitation. At the same time, early exposure to sign language or sign-supported speech is shown to prevent linguistic deprivation and to support overall cognitive and linguistic development, especially for children who derive limited benefit from auditory technology. The article argues for a flexible, individualized, and integrative methodological model that combines auditory, visual, and communicative strategies according to each child’s developmental profile. Such an inclusive approach is essential for maximizing communicative competence and facilitating the successful educational and social integration of deaf and hard-of-hearing children.a

INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN CENTRAL ASIAN YOUTH DIPLOMACY: BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN IN DEVELOPING IT EDUCATION

Khurshida Dusbekova — 2026-03-02

The article analyzes the processes of integration of youth diplomacy in the countries of Central Asia based on innovative approaches aimed at the development of digital education. Using the examples of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, the active participation of young people and interstate cooperation under conditions of IT transformation and accelerated reforms are examined through a comparative and analytical approach. In addition, against the backdrop of political transformations taking place in the region, the article analyzes foreign policy cooperation in the development of digital education, the opportunities created for youth, the expected outcomes and prospects, and puts forward proposals to address challenges related to strengthening youth diplomacy as an instrument of “soft power.”

FORMATION AND ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF RAPID TACTICAL THINKING IN YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Islomiddin Erdonov — 2026-03-02

This study focuses on examining the development characteristics of cognitive processes in young football players—specifically, processing speed, attention control, and the integration of motor and intellectual activity. Special diagnostic tests, including a missing-letter word formation task and the “Digital Square” test, were administered to both the experimental and control groups. The findings demonstrated that football training significantly enhances young athletesʼ thinking speed and motor control abilities. The combination of team-based and individual training sessions contributes to improving playersʼ intellectual potential, attention stability, and decision-making speed. Moreover, the test results highlighted the role of neurodynamic and genetic factors in cognitive functioning, as well as the impact of regular training on these indicators.

KHOZIQ, THE POET OF ZULLISONAYN

Hikmat Hikmatov — 2026-03-02

This article examines the life, work, and literary significance of Junaydullah Khoziq, a prominent bilingual poet of the 18th–19th centuries, who wrote in both Tajik and Uzbek languages. Khoziq is recognized for his mastery of

classical literary genres such as ghazal, qasida, rubai, muhammas, and masnavi, and for his ability to preserve the Tajik national spirit even in works composed in Uzbek. Through his poetry, Khoziq expressed themes of love, mysticism, wisdom, and socio-political realities, reflecting the cultural and literary life of Central Asia, particularly in Bukhara, Kokand, and Khiva. The article also highlights his knowledge of medicine, his revolutionary spirit, and his role in the development of bilingual literature. Khoziq’s contributions demonstrate the fusion of Persian and Turkic literary traditions, establishing him as a key figure in the literary heritage of the region..

TYPOLOGY OF SPEECH ACTS. ETIQUETTE SPEECH ACTS

Mokhirakhon Ibragimova — 2026-03-02

This paper examines the typology and functions of speech acts, with particular attention to illocutionary, perlocutionary, and locutionary components as theorized by J. L. Austin and J. R. Searle. By analyzing speech acts, including representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives, the study highlights the complexity and multidimensionality of communicative behavior. The research emphasizes that a single utterance can simultaneously perform multiple functions depending on context, speaker intention, and social norms. Special focus is placed on etiquette speech acts and the ways in which nonverbal cues, performative verbs, and illocutionary force shape meaning.

DISCURSIVE USE OF PROFESSIONAL TERMS: FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECTS

Elyor Imomov — 2026-03-02

This article investigates the discursive use of professional terms from functional-semantic and cultural perspectives. The study aims to reveal how specialized lexical units function in different communicative contexts and how cultural factors influence their interpretation and usage. Using discourse analysis, comparative linguistics, and contextual interpretation methods, professional texts from various fields were analyzed

DEVELOPMENT AND STABILIZATION PROCESSES OF PROFESSIONAL LEXICON IN MODERN ENGLISH

Elyor Imomov — 2026-03-03

This article analyzes the processes of formation, development, and stabilization of professional lexicon in modern Uzbek and English professional discourse. The study focuses on the emergence, semantic stabilization, and normalization mechanisms of professional vocabulary. The article substantiates the importance of regulating terminological systems in the context of globalization and digitalization.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS’ EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

Abdukodir Ismatov — 2026-03-03

Emotional well-being is a critical component of students’ overall development and academic success. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of physical education as a means of supporting not only physical health but also emotional and psychological well-being. This article examines the impact of physical education on students’ emotional well-being in school settings. Drawing on existing research and educational practice, the study explores how regular participation in physical education activities influences students’ emotional regulation, stress levels, self-esteem, and social relationships. The findings indicate that physical education contributes positively to emotional well-being by reducing anxiety and stress, improving mood, and fostering a sense of belonging and self-confidence. Team-based and cooperative physical activities, in particular, promote social interaction and emotional support among students. The article also highlights the importance of inclusive and well-structured physical education programs that address diverse student needs. The study concludes that physical education plays a vital role in promoting students’ emotional well-being and recommends its integration as a core component of holistic education aimed at supporting students’ mental and emotional health.

DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE IN PREPARING STUDENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Feruza Khurramova — 2026-03-03

This article examines the development of pragmatic competence as a critical component in preparing students for professional activities. Drawing on recent empirical research and established theoretical frameworks, this study presents a comprehensive methodological approach to fostering pragmatic abilities in vocational and professional education contexts. The research synthesizes findings from interlanguage pragmatics, speech act theory, and workplace communication studies to propose an integrated framework for pragmatic competence development. The methodology incorporates both explicit and implicit instructional approaches, technology-enhanced learning environments, and authentic workplace simulations

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Shodiya Qurbonova — 2026-03-03

This study examines the role of gymnastics equipment in enhancing the physical activity of preschool children. During the research, methods for developing children’s motor skills, muscle tone, balance, and coordination were analyzed through various gymnastics tools and play exercises. The results indicate that regular gymnastics exercises and the use of appropriate equipment significantly increase children’s physical activity and have a positive impact on their overall development. This research provides methodological recommendations for improving the effectiveness of physical education in preschool institutions.