Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMBAT MOVEMENT COMBINATIONS IN TRAINING AND COMPETITION PREPARATION OF TAEKWONDO ATHLETES

A. R. Jumanov — 2025-08-25

This article analyzes the morphological and functional indicators of athletes engaged in taekwondo, taking into account their individual physical capabilities. The study develops approaches based on anthropometric measurements, cardiovascular and respiratory system performance indicators, as well as the results of tests evaluating the athletes’ physical qualities.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE INNOVATIVE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS

Mаqsаt Bеkjоnоvich Аbdurаhmаnоv — 2025-08-25

This article explores the theoretical-pedagogical underpinnings of cultivating innovative competence in prospective teachers. Drawing on national and international scholarship, it first clarifies the concept of innovation, its genesis, stages (creation, adaptation, diffusion, evaluation), and role as a driver of educational change. It then reviews classifications of educational innovations (pedagogical, organizational, technological; local, modular, systemic) and positions innovation processes as the principal means of shaping teachers’ creative problem-solving abilities. Core qualities defining a teacher’s innovative competence, critical self-analysis, openness to new ideas, continual professional growth, and creative instructional design are identified, along with the multiple roles an innovative educator must perform (assessor, moderator, facilitator, mentor). The article concludes that fostering these capacities requires an institutional environment that supports risk-taking, collaboration, and lifelong learning, and it offers actionable recommendations for teacher-training programs to embed innovation theory, reflective practice, maker-space practica, mentorship networks, cross-disciplinary collaboration, impact assessment, and continuous upskilling. Implementing these strategies will transform teacher education into an engine of sustained pedagogical innovation and produce educators capable of preparing students for a knowledge-driven global economy.

THE ROLE OF SIMULATIONS IN DEVELOPING JURISPRUDENCE STUDENTS’ SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH LESSONS

Dilnoza Abdurakhmonova — 2025-08-25

Sociolinguistic competence is essential for law students who need to use English effectively in social and professional legal contexts. This article explores how simulation-based learning helps law students improve their sociolinguistic competence in English. The article shows how activities such as mock trials, moot courts, and client interviews provide meaningful, hands-on learning. These simulations help students practice real communication, boost motivation, and build important skills like critical thinking and problem-solving. The study highlights how such methods meet the specific language needs of law students and prepare them for their future legal careers.

COMPLIMENTS AND EVALUATIVE SPEECH ACTS: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

Khilola Nizamova — 2025-08-25

This article analyzes the pragmatic features of compliments and evaluative speech acts. In the process of speech, people achieve their communicative goals by strengthening relationships, expressing opinions in a way appropriate to the social situation, and giving positive or negative assessments. Compliments are manifested as a means of expressing a positive attitude to the interlocutor, creating a warm atmosphere, and strengthening friendly relations. Evaluative speech acts express a person's subjective opinion about a certain event, object, or person. This analysis highlights the pragmatic functions of these speech acts, their context-dependent nature, cross-cultural differences, and their significance in a social situation. The article reveals their linguopragmatic and communicative functions through examples.

METHODS OF DEVELOPING COORDINATION SKILLS OF YOUNG FOOTBALLERS

L.Z. Kholmurodov — 2025-08-26

The article presents a discussion of the pedagogical experiment conducted in football training at a sports school, focusing on the development of coordination abilities in 11–12-year-old children, taking into account their physical fitness, and the use of special physical exercises. The results of the study are also presented.

METHODOLOGICAL AND ARTISTIC RESEARCH IN THE TAJIK WORKS OF THE POET ZULLISONAYN - AMIR UMARKHON

Hikmat Hikmatov — 2025-08-25

It should be said that the poems of great poets, who are representatives of classical literature, are not only decorated with high meaning and new content, but also acquire new expressions through artistic embellishment, acquiring a unique beauty and freshness. They also have a great impact on the taste and knowledge of their readers. If content and artistic form are combined here, it is possible to create complete literature. It should be emphasized that the word should be created in a way that can affect a person, that is, guide him to the right path.

CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE TRAINING OF FUTURE EDUCATORS

Nafisa Sultanmurodovna Khujayarova — 2025-08-25

The article provides professional orientation, which allows future competent educators to carry out the process of developing inclusive training, using the space of higher educational institutions, but also special educational institutions. The methodological system operating in higher educational institutions, the regulation related to the regulation of the process of developing inclusive training and their impact on the quality of education, the creation of favorable conditions for the application of special tools and techniques, as well as several problems of inclusive education are described.

TECHNOLOGY OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPING STRENGTH ENDURANCE OF ATHLETES IN SPORTS WRESTLING

Kamoliddin Nuritdinovich Murodov — 2025-08-25

This article covers the issues of effective organization of competitive activities of athletes engaged in sports wrestling by developing the qualities of strength endurance. The study examines ways to optimize the training process on the basis of modern pedagogical technologies and methodological approaches aimed at the complex formation of the physical fitness of athletes, in particular the qualities of strength and endurance. Also, the role of the level of strength endurance in maintaining the stability of combat technical movements, combat endurance and high performance during the competition is justified. The training technology developed on the basis of experimental studies has significantly improved the functional training indicators of athletes and the results of the competition. The results of the article will serve as an assistant in providing practical recommendations to coaches and specialists in sports wrestling.

LINGUISTIC SYNONYMS AS A LINGUOPOETIC DEVICE IN THE WORKS OF HAMID OLIMJON

Gulnora Talibovna Imamova — 2025-08-25

This article reveals the vividness of synonyms in artistic texts as one of the symbols of the richness of language, interpreted through the works of Hamid Olimjon. The article is based on the method of linguopoetic analysis and is devoted to uncovering the emotional and expressive features of linguistic synonyms in literary texts.

ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING THE SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Gulobod Shonazarovna Berdiyeva — 2025-08-25

The article discusses the aspects, technologies, content, problems, research and opinions of scientists on the development of the creative potential of students of higher educational institutions. The scientific content of the term "creative potential" and an analysis of regulatory documents that allow for the improvement of creative potential in the educational process are presented. The concepts of ‘’Kompetensiya’’ and competence, their differences in content, and forms of manifestation are highlighted. The article also analyzes the main aspects of developing students’ creative potential in socio-cultural activities at higher education institutions, modern technologies used for this purpose, and the leading methods that contribute to fostering creativity.

METHODS FOR INTEGRATING MODULAR AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

Nilufar Saydirasilovna Urinova — 2025-08-25

This article investigates how a modular teaching framework, enriched with cutting-edge digital technologies Geographic Information Systems (GIS), virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI) analytics, cloud platforms (e.g., Google Earth Engine) and blockchain micro-credentialing can revitalise geography education in Uzbekistan. Drawing on a synthesis of national and international scholarship and a pilot study in secondary classrooms, the paper demonstrates that GIS-supported data tasks, VR field simulations and AI-driven climate dashboards raise students’ conceptual mastery and spatial-reasoning scores by 17 percentage points over traditional instruction (p < 0.05). The study also confirms the external value of blockchain-secured “Geospatial Skill Badges,” provisionally recognised by universities and industry partners. Key implementation challenges teacher digital literacy, infrastructure gaps and curricular alignment are analysed, and a five-point policy agenda is proposed, including the launch of a national “ModGeo-Uz” training programme and creation of public-private Geospatial Innovation Hubs. The findings position modular digital geography as a strategic lever for cultivating the technologically fluent, analytically skilled human capital demanded by Uzbekistan’s knowledge economy.

LINGUAPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISMS IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN UZBEK AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Zohid Mo’minbayevich Matyakubov — 2025-08-25

This article analyzes the linguopragmatic properties of euphemisms used in interpersonal communication in Uzbek and English. The study draws on the politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1987), as well as the language models of censorship and taboo developed by Allan and Burridge (2006). Euphemism is a tool in linguistics that defines the boundaries of moral and social censorship, and its use is directly related to cross-cultural differences. This article studies the use of euphemistic expressions from a linguopragmatic perspective - that is, in relation to the status of speech participants, context, illocutionary purpose and perlocutionary results. An empirical list of euphemisms used in Uzbek and English is compiled based on the corpus method, and their frequency of use, semantic scope and discourse function are analyzed. Also, based on a comparative analysis, the commonalities and differences of euphemistic devices in the two languages are identified. The novelty of the study is that for the first time, euphemisms are studied in the context of Uzbek and English languages in a comprehensive manner at the linguapragmatic, cultural and functional levels. Their role as a communicative strategy and their importance in maintaining social balance in society are highlighted through well-founded analyses.

ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL INDICATORS OF YOUNG GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS

Khayrullo Akhmadjonovich Madaminov — 2025-08-25

This article addresses the in-depth analysis of individual technical and tactical indicators of young Greco-Roman wrestlers. The study focuses on assessing athletes’ technical and tactical preparedness, their individual characteristics, opponent-adaptation strategies, and performance efficiency during bouts. Particular attention is given to the selection of technical manoeuvres in the training process, the effectiveness of their tactical application, and the frequency of their use in competitive situations. Based on the findings, scientific and practical recommendations have been developed for determining the directions of individual development in young athletes and for optimising their technical and tactical training. The article also encompasses methodological approaches aimed at enhancing wrestlers’ competitiveness and improving sporting outcomes.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOAD INTENSITY IN THE PROCESS OF PRE-COMPETITION PREPARATION OF ELITE WRESTLERS

Nosirjon Azizov Nematillayevich — 2025-08-25

In this article information on the number of heart contractions, the effect on the amount of execution of methods, and unit of time spent on recovery during the determination of the loads intensity during the pre-competitional preparation of elite wrestlers have been explained in this article. 14 elite wrestlers, age 16-22 were examined. At the stage of

pre-competition training of elite wrestlers, special training programs were used and the effectiveness of the reaction on physical load was analyzed. Despite the conducted systematic research, the rapid developing sports wrestling in educational and methodological resources which’s based on new modern approaches in this field, requires the development of additional scientific, scientific and methodological raising related to the improvement of the system and content of the selection of children for the sport of wrestling. The training process of elite wrestlers have been designed taking into account the individual characteristics of the competitive activity of each specific athlete, which excludes the use of the frontal method of improving technical and tactical training. Conclusions: During our research, we tactical plan for the competition with the main rivals, technical strength has been analyzed in its diversity, the ability to transfer techniques in direction, preparatory movements and combinations, and mental stability in extreme situations.

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THE CHALLENGES OF LITERAL TRANSLATION

Kosim Abilovich Sidikov — 2025-08-25

This article investigates the challenges associated with translating culturally embedded phraseological units through a comparative analysis of Utkir Hoshimov’s “Dunyoning ishlari”. By examining select excerts in Uzbek alongside their English and Russian translations, the study reveals the inadequacies of literal translation in cupturing cultural nuances. The analysis demonstrates that adaptive strategies often yield more accurate and culturally resonant renderings.

DEVELOPING THE FACILITATION COMPETENCE OF FUTURE EDUCATORS THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A PRESSING ISSUE

Go‘zaloy Eshmatova — 2025-08-26

this article analyzes the methods of using digital technologies, their advantages, practical applications and pedagogical effectiveness in the development of the methodological competence of future educators. At the same time, proposals are put forward on what pedagogical approaches and digital resources can be effective in the formation of this competence on the basis of existing experiences. In recent years, the concept of facilitation has been frequently used in education. The term is derived from the English word facility, meaning “to relieve”, “to assist”, “to guide”. Facilitation in a pedagogical context refers to the activity of the teacher, which encourages students to acquire knowledge, in which they develop independent thinking and self — awareness.

EFFICIENCY OF IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF 13-14 YEAR OLD VOLLEYBALL GIRLS IN EXTRACURRICULAR SPORTS TRAINING

Gulhayo Karimova — 2025-08-25

The article discusses work with sports reserves in the sports system, especially the formation of physical and functional training of adolescent volleyball players, approaches to working with 13-14-year-old volleyball players, adapted to their age and physiological characteristics, aimed at developing special endurance, sustainable growth of sports results, as well as problems that may arise in improving the physical fitness of 13-14-year-old volleyball girls in extracurricular sports activities.

PROVERBS AS A REFLECTION OF RENAISSANCE MENTALITY IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS

Nargiza Kabilovna Abbasova — 2025-08-25

This study examines the use of proverbs (paroemias) in William Shakespeare’s dramatic works as a window into Renaissance mentality and worldview. Through systematic analysis of proverbial expressions across Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets, this research reveals how traditional folk wisdom was transformed and adapted to reflect the intellectual, social, and cultural transformations of the Renaissance period. The study identifies 347 distinct proverbial expressions in Shakespeare’s corpus, categorizing them by thematic content, frequency of use, and contextual application. Results demonstrate that Shakespeare’s employment of proverbs reflects a transitional mentality bridging medieval scholasticism and Renaissance humanism, characterized by pragmatic wisdom, individualistic values, and secular worldview. The analysis reveals that proverbial wisdom in Shakespeare serves not merely as decorative rhetoric but as a fundamental structural element reflecting the epistemological shift from divine authority to empirical observation that defined the Renaissance era.

A THEORETICAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION TYPES IN CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Muslima Maratovna Abiyatova — 2025-08-25

This article examines the role of written translation in enhancing intercultural communication by analyzing the primary types of translation: literal, free, semantic, communicative, faithful, idiomatic, and adaptive. Written translation plays a vital role in facilitating communication and mutual understanding across diverse cultures. Through a comparative analysis of scholarly views, especially those of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmark, Lawrence Venuti, and Andre Lefevere, the study investigates how each type contributes to bridging cultural differences. Additionally, the article provides practical English-Uzbek examples to illustrate how various strategies operate in real-world contexts.

THE GENRE EVOLUTION OF WILLIAM FAULKNER'S NOVELS: ARTISTIC EXPLORATIONS BETWEEN MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM

Fotima Safarova — 2025-08-25

This article delves into the genre evolution of William Faulkner’s novels, positioning his literary contributions at the critical juncture between modernism and postmodernism. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how Faulkner’s stylistic and thematic innovations mark a transitional phase in twentieth-century American fiction. By closely examining seminal works such as The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Absalom, Absalom! and The Wild Palms, the study investigates Faulkner’s experimentation with narrative form, including his use of stream of consciousness, fragmented chronology, multiple narrative voices, and metafictional layering. The article argues that while Faulkner’s early writings are emblematic of modernist aesthetics—with their focus on psychological depth, interior monologues, and epistemological exploration—his later texts also anticipate postmodern themes, such as narrative unreliability, intertextuality, and ontological uncertainty. The discussion situates Faulkner's work within a broader historical and philosophical context, drawing on critical frameworks such as narratology, genre theory, and poststructuralist critique. Through a comparative literary approach, the study demonstrates that Faulkner's novels not only reflect the tensions and transitions between literary epochs but also contribute to redefining the boundaries of narrative fiction. The findings underscore Faulkner's pivotal role in challenging genre conventions and shaping the trajectory of American literature. Ultimately, the paper offers new insights into Faulkner’s artistic legacy and affirms his position as a key figure in the literary continuum that bridges the modernist and postmodernist traditions.

EXERCISE PROGRAMS WHICH ARE DEVOTED TO PREPARING BY TECHNICAL TRAININGS FOR GYMNASTICS, THEIR ATTITUTES TO MOTOR SKILLS AND RHYTHM-TEMPO-STRUCTURE

Sherali Abdurashidovich Shayimardanov — 2025-08-26

Conducted research materials have been brightened that the improvement of the special-motional readiness of gymnasts should take into account the specific requirements for control over the quality of fulfillment of elements, ligaments and combinations in general, arising from the rhythm-tempo structure of a sportsman's special-motional actions.

ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRY OF TECHNICAL AND SPEED-STRENGTH TRAINING OF FEMALE JUDOKAS ON A SPECIAL SIMULATION SIMULATOR

Sangina Ismatullaeva — 2025-08-25

This article focuses on the targeted preparation of female judokas for competitions through the analysis of advanced methods and data within the judo sports industry. It emphasizes the application of insights gained from observing and analyzing competitions to enhance the training process. The research is directed toward improving the speed-strength, technical, psychological, and functional readiness of female judokas. The use of modern methods and advanced technologies in sports training enables a thorough investigation of the asymmetry problem in speed-strength preparation in judo.

PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE IN THE ESP CONTEXT: AN ANALYSIS OF UZBEK MEDICAL STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION CHALLENGES

Shosura Khusenova — 2025-08-25

This article investigates the phonological challenges faced by Uzbek medical students in learning English, with a focus on pronunciation, stress, and intonation. Taking classroom observations, the study identifies common errors, such as mispronunciations of medical terminology and common general words, confusion over vowel and diphthong sounds, incorrect stress placement, and difficulty with intonation and connected speech. These issues often come from L1 (Uzbek) interference and a lack of systematic phonological training. The study highlights the importance of integrating explicit pronunciation instruction into English for Specific Purposes (ESP), particularly in medical contexts, where clear and accurate communication is critical. The research also reviews prior studies and teaching strategies to propose effective approaches for improving medical students’ phonological competence. The findings emphasize the need for targeted, context-sensitive phonological training to foster more confident and accurate English use among medical professionals.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC AND SYMBOLIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPTS OF "LIFE" AND "DEATH": A STUDY OF JOHN DONNE’S HOLY SONNET 10: “DEATH, BE NOT PROUD”, DYLAN THOMAS’S “DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT”, AND ERKIN VOHIDOV’S “IN

Perizad Najimova — 2025-08-25

This article analyzes the philosophical and symbolic interpretations of the concepts of life and death in literary works, with a particular focus on John Donne’s “Holy Sonnet 10: Death, Be Not Proud” and Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.” Additionally, it examines the reflection of life and death in Uzbek literature through Erkin Vohidov’s poem “Inson” (Human). The study explores how death is depicted in literary works, its aesthetic and philosophical meanings, and the symbolic expressions of life and death in various cultural contexts. John Donne’s metaphysical poetry, which portrays death as “defeated,” and Dylan Thomas’s modernist approach, urging resistance against death, are compared with the philosophical imagery in Uzbek poetry. The article discusses the distinctive features of literature across different eras and cultures, as well as their shared philosophical motifs.

METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING STUDENT YOUTH PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS AND HEALTHENING TOURISM

Doniyor Rakhimovich Tillaev — 2025-08-25

This article, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 6, 2021 No. UP-6199 "On measures to further improve the system of state administration in the fields of tourism, culture, cultural heritage and sports" and the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 6, 2021 No. PP-5054 "On strengthening attention to the organization and protection of tourism activities and the development of sports," is aimed at strengthening the health of the younger generation by prioritizing the development of physical culture and sports in our country, as well as implementing large-scale measures in all areas of the educational process in the field of tourism, the content of the article shows the methodological foundations of the author's life experience in teaching the subject "Physical Culture and Sports and Health Tourism" to students studying in the field of physical culture and sports.

THE ESSENCE AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFICULTIES IN THE FORMATION OF CREATIVE THINKING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Marjona Khakimova — 2025-08-25

This article provides information on the current problems in the formation of creative thinking in primary school students, the difficulties that students face in developing creative thinking and the reforms being implemented as a solution to these difficulties, as well as reforms aimed at developing creative thinking in primary school.

METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTING THE RESULTS OF COMPETITIONS FOR KAYAKERS AND CANOEISTS

A. R. Khodjiyev — 2025-08-25

This scientific study examines effective methodological approaches to evaluating and forecasting competition results for canoe and kayak athletes. The research analyzes athletes’ functional capabilities, physical and psychological preparedness, and technical-tactical skills as the main prognostic indicators. This methodology holds practical significance for coaches in optimizing the training process and ensuring comprehensive preparation for competitions.

TRANSFORMING GEOGRAPHY TEACHER EDUCATION THROUGH A COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH

Charos Ikromovna Maxmudova — 2025-08-25

This article examines the transformative impact of introducing a competency-based paradigm into geography teacher-education programmes at Chirchiq State Pedagogical University. Grounded in Uzbekistan’s 2030 Public Education Development Concept, the study integrates two innovative pedagogical tools -the “Cartographic Expedition” and the “Personal Research Dossier” to fuse field-based toponymic inquiry with advanced GIS and mobile-mapping technologies. A semester-long pilot conducted in the 2024-25 academic year yielded statistically significant gains in disciplinary competence, higher-order critical-thinking skills, and learners’ intrinsic motivation. The findings confirm that a well-aligned competency-oriented model elevates educational quality, produces analytically agile and ecologically literate graduates, and offers a scalable blueprint for nationwide reform in geography education.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF DEVELOPING DIDACTIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE HISTORY TEACHERS

Lobar Raimkulovna Khuzhanova — 2025-08-25

This article analyzes the theoretical, methodological, and practical foundations for developing the didactic competence of future history teachers. The research is based on experimental studies carried out in three higher education institutions of Uzbekistan with 381 students. The results demonstrate that the introduction of a functional model and innovative pedagogical methods significantly improves students’ didactic competence. Statistical analysis (Student’s t-test and Pearson’s chi-square) confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model. The study contributes to modern pedagogical theory and provides recommendations for improving the quality of teacher education in Uzbekistan.

TACTICAL TRAINING OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Ozodbek Yokupbekovich Bektorov — 2025-08-25

The relevance of the article lies in the study, which is aimed at performing tactical actions of U -15 football players during the season. The tactics of football used by the leading football teams are becoming more and more complex today. Team tactics consists of the actions of the players coordinated with each other. The tactical component of the football game is of increasing interest to researchers. In some studies, an attempt has been made to study the influence of position on the tactical actions of players, since the literature suggests that the position occupied by a player on the playing field involves certain tasks and differentiated actions at each phase of the game, defensive or offensive. The purpose of the article: Taking into account the aspect of the tactics of the football training process, there is a need to develop systems that allow assessing this ability and, as a result

INTEGRATION OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES INTO THE CLUSTER SYSTEM: MODIFYING TEACHING METHODS

Toshtemirova Saodat — 2025-08-25

This study explores how integrating historical sciences into a nation-wide cluster system can transform history education in Uzbekistan. Drawing on cluster-economics theory (Porter) and innovation theory (Schumpeter), the research re-imagines preschools, schools, universities, museums and employers as a vertically and horizontally networked ecosystem that shares resources, curricula and digital infrastructure. A mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design (N = 501) compared traditional instruction with a cluster-integrative package combining the 4T, BTB, OPVL and CLIL approaches across five educational levels. Data collected through observations, surveys, interviews and pre/post tests were analysed with t-tests and χ² statistics. Results show statistically significant gains in academic achievement (10–18 % in school settings; 8–12 % in higher education), engagement (88 % vs 51 %) and higher-order competencies (analysis, synthesis, argumentation) for experimental groups. The discussion situates these outcomes within a meso-level model that links macro-policy to micro-pedagogy, identifies infrastructure asymmetries between urban and rural nodes, and outlines policy mechanisms, ICT minimum standards, regional content hubs, and micro-credential pathways to sustain and scale the model. The study positions cluster-integrative history teaching as a viable strategy for developing historically literate, critically minded citizens capable of balancing national identity with global competencies.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ACROBATIC TRAINING INDICATORS FOR 9–12-YEAR-OLD FOOTBALLERS

Sardorbek Toxirov — 2025-08-26

This study investigates the indicators of special physical preparedness in 9–12-year-old football players under the conditions of a pedagogical experiment. Ten types of specific test trials aimed at developing technical, coordination, and speed qualities were conducted for the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) players. The experimental group integrated a set of football-adapted acrobatic exercises into their training sessions, while the control group followed a traditional training program. At the end of the experiment, the mean value (X), standard deviation (σ), and coefficient of variation (V) were calculated, and the results were compared using the Student’s t-test. The analysis revealed that EG players demonstrated statistically significant advantages over CG players in most tests (P<0.05 – P<0.001). Notably, significant improvements were observed in ball-handling speed, accuracy in performing acrobatic elements, dribbling efficiency, and coordination skills. These findings confirm that incorporating specific acrobatic exercises into football training can serve as an effective methodological approach to improving both general and special preparedness in young football players.

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF A RESEARCH CULTURE OF MASTER’S DEGREE STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Olim Esirgapovich Kurbanov — 2025-08-25

This article analyzes the issue of forming a research culture in the higher education system, in particular at the master’s degree level, from a pedagogical and methodological point of view. The development of a culture of independent scientific thinking, methodological literacy, and epistemological thinking in master’s students is considered a necessary factor of modern scientific progress. The article also extensively examines the impact of innovative educational technologies, academic freedom, the mentoring system, and digital media on research culture. In addition, the key components of research culture (such as methodological literacy, critical thinking, and scientific style) are identified, and practical recommendations for cultivating research competencies at the master’s level are provided.

USING SHORT AUTHENTIC TEXTS TO IMPROVE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION: A CASE STUDY OF SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT SCHOOL NO. 5 IN TASHKENT CITY

Marjona Ilkhomovna Tursunaliyeva — 2025-08-25

This case study explores how reading short, authentic texts influences vocabulary development among second-grade students at School No. 5 in Tashkent City. The study involved 12 students who had recently achieved fluent reading skills. It aims to investigate whether consistent exposure to real-world, context-rich reading materials can effectively help young learners broaden their vocabulary. The findings suggest that incorporating authentic texts into the reading curriculum significantly promotes vocabulary expansion and improves language retention, providing valuable insights into effective teaching strategies for early language education.

ENHANCING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE ABILITIES THROUGH MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION

Islom Yetmishovich Azamatov — 2025-08-25

This article explores the importance of developing students' creative abilities through modern pedagogical technologies in technological education. It emphasizes the role of creativity in enhancing students’ thinking, problem-solving, and vocational skills. The study highlights effective methods such as interactive activities, non-traditional teaching techniques, and the use of innovative strategies to increase student engagement and self-confidence. The article also discusses the teacher’s responsibility in fostering an encouraging learning environment and nurturing students’ individual potential. The findings underline that well-structured, creativity-focused lessons significantly contribute to students’ personal, intellectual, and professional growth, aligning with international educational standards.

DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE READINESS BASED ON THE FORMATION OF COMPLEX COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE DEFECTOLOGISTS

Mohira Aminqulovna Sattorova — 2025-08-25

in the article, the modern stage of reforming general secondary education in our country is closely related to the changes that are being carried out in the social and economic spheres, and when choosing a strategic vector for preparing future defectologists for inclusive education, it is aimed at achieving greater independence for both an educational institution and a teacher - for the purpose of continuous professional development. Pedagogical scientists and researchers identify and substantiate the structural-structural components of the readiness of future teachers of Social Sciences to carry out activities in inclusive education, develop personal-semantic, that is, internal and external relations, motivational values and the ability to work in inclusive education, as well as cognitive, that is, a system of special methodological, theoretical, practical and professional knowledge, methods, techniques, The need for the development of educational technologies for the continuous professional development of future defectologists, the development of technology for improving the essence and content of educational technologies in their activities outside the audience, the preparation of future defectologists for inclusive education is presented.

IMPROVING PEDAGOGICAL CONTROL OF WRESTLERS (KURASH PLAYERS) DURING COMPETITIONS AND TRAINING

Komiljon Tursunovich Yusupov — 2025-08-26

The methodology for the use of a complex of general and special exercises for assessing the physical training of qualified wrestlers in the process of training is improved.