Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

LINGUOCULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF HUMAN NATURE AND EVALUATION SEMANTICS IN UZBEK FOLK PAREMIOLOGY

Mahliyo Aripova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the linguocultural features of semantic fields related to human nature and evaluation in Uzbek folk paremiology. The study elucidates the semantic structure of paremiological units formed on the basis of positive, negative, and neutral evaluation systems. Using examples of folk proverbs and phraseological units, the linguocognitive and logoepistemic foundations of cultural components are revealed. Furthermore, the role of these units in shaping the linguistic worldview is scientifically substantiated. The results of the research contribute to a deeper understanding of the interconnection between language and culture.

THE INFLUENCE OF ASYMMETRIC STATES IN PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL PREPARATION IN WOMEN’S WRESTLING ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY

Sangina Ismatullaeva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the influence of asymmetric states in the physical and technical preparation of highly qualified female wrestlers on the effectiveness of competitive performance, based on a comprehensive approach. During the research, differences in speed, strength, and coordination between the left and right sides were identified, and their relationship with the quality of technical-tactical actions and competition outcomes was assessed using statistical analysis methods. The findings confirm that the level of movement asymmetry has a significant impact on the effectiveness of technical skill execution and overall competitive performance. Furthermore, the results substantiate the need to improve scientific and methodological approaches aimed at individualizing the training process and optimizing asymmetrical imbalances in physical and technical indicators.

DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL COMPETENCE THROUGH SMALL-GENRE TEXTS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION

Abdinazar T. Nurmanov , Ilkhom Т. Rustamov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the didactic potential of small-genre texts, particularly anecdotes and jokes, in developing pragmatic and linguocultural competence in foreign language education. Modern communicative language teaching emphasizes not only grammatical accuracy but also the ability to interpret implicit meanings and cultural nuances. Drawing on theoretical frameworks proposed by Dell Hymes, Michael Canale, and Merrill Swain, as well as speech act theory by John L. Austin and John R. Searle, the paper argues that humor-based texts serve as effective tools for fostering communicative competence.

The research employs a qualitative methodological approach, including pragmatic analysis, contextual reconstruction, and pragmatic transformation. These methods enable learners to identify communicative intentions, interpret implicit meanings, and adapt language use across cultural contexts. Additionally, linguocultural analysis facilitates the recognition of national values, stereotypes, and cultural codes embedded in humorous texts.

The findings indicate that systematic integration of small-genre texts enhances students’ pragmatic awareness, intercultural sensitivity, and communicative flexibility. Furthermore, the use of digital tools such as multimedia content and interactive platforms increases learner engagement and motivation. The study concludes that anecdotes and jokes should be treated not as supplementary materials but as core components of an innovative methodological system in foreign language teaching.

MPROVING THE QUALITY OF EQUILIBRIUM AMONG STUDENTS OF SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITIES WITH THE MEANS OF GYMNASTICS

N.Kh. Fethullova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the effectiveness of applying a set of exercises aimed at improving the quality of balance in students of various specialties. The results of the comparative analysis of balance indicators in students are presented using representatives of water sports and wrestling as examples. The effectiveness of applying coordination and acrobatic-oriented exercise complexes aimed at developing balance function and contributing to increasing the level of students' special physical fitness and the successful mastery of gymnastic element techniques has been experimentally substantiated.

DIGITAL STORYTELLING TECHNOLOGY AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING THE SPEECH COMPETENCE OF 5TH–6TH GRADE STUDENTS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS

Ugiljon Erkinovna Amakova, Abdinazar Tashbaevich Nurmanov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article explores the didactic potential of “Digital Storytelling” as a tool for the targeted development of speech competence in 5th and 6th-grade students during Russian language lessons in secondary schools of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author clarifies the structure of speech competence relative to this age group and reveals the connection between students' narrative activities and the formation of monologic and dialogic speech, vocabulary enrichment, and the development of coherence and expressiveness in communication. The study presents a typology of digital storytelling tasks, differentiated by the level of linguistic autonomy. The results of the experimental teaching confirm a positive trend in the development of speech competence within the experimental classes.

IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL STORYTELLING FOR ADULTS IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM TO PROMOTE COLLABORATIVE CREATIVITY AND SDG 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Farangiz Abdullaeva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The research paper is about implementing digital storytelling for adults in English as a foreign language classroom (EFL) at a tertiary education level in order to develop their collaborative creativity. The storytelling technique has been effectively used in education for a few decades to enhance critical thinking. The innovation in the research is shifting from traditional storytelling to digital storytelling, as it is a digital age and developments in technology lead students to improve their higher-order thinking skills (HOT) in an enjoyable manner. The process will not only focus on collaborative creativity in an EFL classroom but also promote digital literacy among students. The findings reveal that digital storytelling significantly enhances students’ collaborative creativity, communicative competence, and digital literacy through interactive and multimodal learning processes. The study also highlights the potential of this approach to support global educational priorities, particularly SDG 4, by promoting inclusive, student-centred, and skill-oriented language learning in higher education contexts.

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC FEATURES OF DEVELOPING ORAL SPEECH IN FRENCH

Ezoza Atamirzaeva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of oral speech in French as a foreign language is not merely a linguistic task; it is also a psycholinguistic and pedagogical process that involves perception, memory, attention, internal speech, motivation, and self-regulation. This article examines the psycholinguistic foundations of oral speech development with particular attention to the relationship between listening and speaking, the distinction between receptive and productive speech activity, and the cognitive mechanisms that underlie oral production. Drawing on foreign-language teaching methodology and psycholinguistic research, the article discusses the principles of verbalization and correlation, the transition from knowledge to skill and from skill to communicative competence, and the role of inner speech in the formation of coherent external speech. Special emphasis is placed on the stages of speech production, including conceptual planning, linguistic encoding, and articulation, as well as on transfer and interference in Uzbek learners of French. The article argues that successful oral development requires not only knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, but also systematic classroom practice that supports confidence, automaticity, self-monitoring, and meaningful communication.

THE ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC FUNCTION OF SYNONYMY IN LANGUAGE

Saida Jumanazarova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the role of synonymy within the lexico-semantic layer of the language system and its aesthetic functions in literary texts. The author interprets synonymy not merely as a system of meanings but as a "field of choice" that realizes the author's image-making strategy and pragmatic intent. The article highlights the connotative properties of synonyms, semantic gradation, individualization of character speech, and their role in ensuring the cohesion of literary texts, illustrated with examples from the Uzbek language.

THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH ROLE PLAYING GAMES

Ravzakhon Abdullakhayevna Akbarova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to highlight the methods of developing students' speaking skills through role-playing games. Role-playing games are considered an effective and innovative method for developing speaking skills in English lessons. By using role-playing games in practical exercises, teachers create the necessary opportunities for students to feel free and use the language in practice. Implementing such games into the learning process make students develop language skills and use the language in real communication. By involving language learners in role-playing games, teachers create great opportunities for students to feel free and use the language in practice. The article provides information about the importance of role-playing games in language teaching and their effective results.

INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT

Uralbek Buriyev — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents an analytical approach based on theoretical foundations and international experience regarding the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing strategies in higher education institutions, their development, and practical implementation. The study systematically examines the importance of collaborative management in developing and implementing prospective marketing strategies within educational institutions, as well as the key indicators used to assess their effectiveness — including student recruitment rate, brand reputation, digital marketing metrics, financial outcomes, and the Net Promoter Score (NPS) index.

DYNAMICS OF THE FORMATION OF TECHNICAL PREPARATION IN MIDDLE-DISTANCE RUNNERS

B.A. Djumanov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents the dynamics of technical training development for track and field athletes specializing in middle-distance running, assessed through pedagogical tests, and the effectiveness of the applied research methods. Suggestions and recommendations are provided for improving the technical training of middle-distance runners in the training group from the Aral Sea region of Karakalpakstan. A comparative analysis of the special physical training results for the experimental and control groups at the beginning of the study is presented, and scientific conclusions are formulated based on the obtained data.

A SYNERGETIC MOBILE ESP MODEL FOR BIOCHEMISTRY STUDENTS

Tursunoy Ma’murjonovna Jamolova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study proposes a synergetic Mobile English for Specific Purposes (ESP) model designed for biochemistry students in higher education. The research integrates mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), subject-specific vocabulary acquisition, and collaborative digital learning strategies. Using an IMRAD framework, the study examines the effectiveness of mobile-based learning tools in improving students’ academic English proficiency, scientific communication skills, and motivation. A mixed methods research design was employed involving pre and post tests, surveys, and classroom observations among undergraduate biochemistry students. Results indicate that the synergetic mobile ESP model significantly improved students’ reading comprehension, scientific writing, and oral presentation skills. The findings suggest that mobile technology enhances learner autonomy, promotes contextual vocabulary learning, and supports interdisciplinary knowledge integration.

KHOREZM TURKIC AND ITS HISTORICAL-LINGUISTIC FEATURES: FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SCHOLARLY INTERPRETATIONS

Dilnoza Akramovna Abduvalieva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the historical-linguistic features of Khorezm Turkic, focusing on its formation, development, and scholarly interpretations within the broader context of Turkic language history. It traces the linguistic situation of the Khorezm region from the ancient period, when Eastern Iranian languages predominated, to the gradual process of Turkification between the 11th and 13th centuries. Particular attention is given to the emergence of Khorezm Turkic as a mixed linguistic system shaped by the interaction of Karakhanid, Oghuz, and Kipchak elements, reflecting the complex ethnic composition of the region. The study highlights the role of Khorezm as a major cultural and literary center, especially during the Golden Horde period, and its contribution to the development of a new written Turkic language within the Kipchak branch. It also discusses the transitional nature of Khorezm Turkic between Karakhanid and Chagatai Turkic, emphasizing its significance as a distinct stage of the Middle Turkic period. Various scholarly perspectives—particularly those of Bartold, Samoylovich, Köprülü, and others—are analyzed to demonstrate differing approaches to periodization and classification. Furthermore, the article addresses debates concerning the linguistic attribution of key literary monuments and introduces the concept of “Khorezm–Golden Horde Turkic” as a unified historical-linguistic framework. It argues that, due to the lack of clearly defined criteria distinguishing these closely related linguistic layers, a comprehensive and comparative approach is necessary. Overall, the study underscores the importance of Khorezm Turkic in bridging earlier and later stages of Turkic literary language development and in shaping the foundations of classical Chagatai.

THE PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF HYPERBOLE IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Dilafza Bozorova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital communication, hyperbole has become one of the most frequently used figurative devices on social media platforms. This study examined the pragmatic functions of hyperbole in online discourse, aiming to understand how exaggeration serves as a dynamic tool for meaning construction, emotional expression, and interpersonal interaction in constrained digital environments. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving the compilation of a corpus of 4,850 hyperbolic instances collected from X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and TikTok between 2024 and 2025. Data were analyzed through qualitative pragmatic discourse analysis informed by Relevance Theory, combined with quantitative techniques including chi-square tests and logistic regression. The results revealed that hyperbole primarily functions as emotional intensification (42.3%), humor enhancement (28.7%), and sarcasm signaling (19.5%), with significant platform-specific patterns: sarcasm dominated on X, emotional amplification on Instagram, and humor on TikTok. Multimodal cues such as hashtags and emojis were found to strongly influence pragmatic interpretation. This study concludes that hyperbole operates as a flexible, context-sensitive pragmatic resource that enables efficient stance-taking and relevance optimization in social media. The findings contribute to pragma-stylistics and digital pragmatics by bridging traditional figurative language research with contemporary online communication practices and offer practical implications for digital literacy, content moderation, and sentiment analysis tools.

THE NECESSITY AND PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIC COMPETENCE OF FACULTY MEMBERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Azamat Usmanov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the economic competence of university professors and instructors within the context of the transformation of modern higher education institutions. In particular, it elucidates the role of academic staff from the perspectives of the “third mission”, innovative activities, startup ecosystems, investment attractiveness, and the commercialization of educational services.

THE FORMATION OF PARADIGMS OF MORPHOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE HELP OF SEMANTICS INTENSIFICATION/DEINTENSIFICATION

Ikhtiyorov A’zamjon — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

It is known, in the adjective, verb and number categories, there are also special morphemes (specific to these categories) used to weaken the meaning, but in adjectives, weakening the meaning of the word is more related to the degree of quality. The grammatical category associated with intensity/deintensity in morphology is the category of degrees of quality. Various views have been put forward in linguistics about the semantic-morphological nature of this category. Since this category is directly related to our research, we will dwell on it in detail and show our attitude to various views.

ANTHROPOCENTRIC ANALYSIS OF LINGUOCOGNITIVE AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF WOMEN’S SPEECH

Gulrukhsoroy Abdullayeva, Dildorakhon Azizovna Ganiyeva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The analysis is based on qualitative and comparative methods, combining discourse analysis with pragmalinguistic and linguocognitive approaches. Particular attention is given to extralinguistic factors such as social hierarchy, emotional state, and cultural expectations, which often influence speech behavior. The findings show that women’s speech frequently involves hesitation, mitigation, and implicit meaning, which can sometimes lead to misunderstanding. However, these features should not be seen as weaknesses, but rather as flexible communicative strategies that help speakers adapt to complex social situations.

MODERN METHODS FOR DEVELOPING PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Dadakhon Umaraliyev — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes modern methods for developing the physical qualities of volleyball players - strength, agility, endurance, speed, and flexibility. The study examined the effectiveness of innovative approaches aimed at improving the physical fitness of athletes, including functional exercises, interval training, pliometric exercises, and training organized on the basis of an individual approach. The interconnection of physical qualities in ensuring the rapid and precise execution of movements characteristic of volleyball game activities has also been scientifically substantiated. Research results show that the comprehensive use of modern methods significantly enhances the general and special physical fitness of athletes and improves game efficiency.

A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF WOMEN’S ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LITERARY WORKS

Umida Ulfatovna Anorbekova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the representation of women’s roles and characteristics in Uzbek and English literary traditions through a cross-cultural perspective. The research aims to identify similarities and differences in the depiction of female characters, focusing on cultural values, social expectations, identity formation, and gender roles. A qualitative comparative method is applied to analyze selected literary texts from both traditions. The findings indicate that Uzbek literature predominantly emphasizes traditional female roles such as motherhood, loyalty, and moral integrity, whereas English literature presents more diverse and individualistic female identities. However, both traditions highlight women’s emotional strength and resilience. The study concludes that cultural context significantly shapes literary representations of women while also revealing shared universal values.

CULTURAL AND COGNITIVE FOUNDATIONS OF VERBAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

Dildora Turdiboyeva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article is devoted to the study of cultural and cognitive foundations of verbal phraseological units in linguistics. It examines the theoretical approaches to phraseology with a particular focus on verb-based phraseological expressions and their role in representing cultural knowledge. The research highlights that verbal phraseological units are not only linguistic structures but also carriers of national mentality and worldview. Special attention is given to the interaction between language, cognition, and culture in the formation and usage of such expressions. The article analyzes English and Uzbek verbal phraseological units and identifies their similarities and differences from a linguacultural perspective. Moreover, the study discusses how metaphor, imagery, and cultural symbols are embedded in phraseological units. It also explores the cognitive mechanisms underlying their comprehension and usage in speech. The findings show that verbal phraseological units reflect cultural identity, collective experience, and conceptualization of reality. The article concludes that studying phraseological units contributes significantly to understanding intercultural communication and linguistic worldview.

LEXICAL CHARACYERISTICS OF HYPONYMY IN LINGUISTICS

Sevinch Ismoilova, Nodira Karimbayevna Sabirova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the lexical characteristics of hyponymy in linguistics, focusing on its structural, semantic, and hierarchical properties within lexical relations. Hyponymy is a fundamental semantic relation that organizes vocabulary into taxonomic hierarchies, where a more specific term (hyponym) is included within a broader category (hypernym). The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach based on semantic analysis of lexical items in English. The findings reveal that hyponymy plays a crucial role in lexical organization, conceptual categorization, and meaning extension. It also contributes significantly to vocabulary acquisition, discourse coherence, and cognitive structuring of knowledge. The study concludes that hyponymy is an essential component of lexical semantics that enhances both linguistic theory and applied linguistics practices.

A COMPARATIVE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS EXPRESSING HUMAN QUALITIES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Anora Javliyevna Jabbarova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the comparative-semantic features of phraseological units expressing human qualities in the English and Uzbek languages. The study examines the semantic structure of phraseological units expressing both positive and negative human qualities based on the materials of the two languages, as well as their semantic groups and their role in the language system. In addition, semantic components such as evaluation, emotionality, and expressiveness reflected in phraseological units are comparatively analyzed. The results of the study reveal the common and national-cultural features of phraseological units in English and Uzbek and highlight the specific characteristics of phraseological means used to express human qualities. The findings of the research have significant theoretical and practical importance for studies in comparative linguistics, phraseology, and linguoculturology.

PROPER NAMES AS LINGUOCULTURAL REALIA: TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERARY TEXTS

Mushtariy Akhmedova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines proper names as a specific type of linguocultural realia in translation between English and Uzbek literary texts. Proper names often carry cultural, historical, and social meanings that go beyond simple identification, making their translation particularly challenging. The study aims to analyze how different translation strategies are applied to render proper names and how these strategies affect the transfer of cultural meaning. A qualitative comparative approach is used, based on selected literary examples. The findings show that transliteration, adaptation, and descriptive rendering are the most common strategies. While transliteration preserves form, it may obscure meaning, whereas adaptation and explanation improve understanding but can alter cultural nuances.

TEACHING ENGLISH TO NON-PHILOLOGICAL STUDENTS: CHALLENGES AND EFFECTIVE PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES

Mohibonu Gayratjonovna Gulomjonova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Teaching English to non-philological students has become increasingly important in the context of globalization and professional communication. Unlike students majoring in linguistics or philology, non-specialists often view English as a supplementary subject, which can negatively affect motivation and learning outcomes. This study aims to identify key challenges in teaching English to non-philological students and to evaluate effective pedagogical strategies that enhance language acquisition. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on classroom observations and analysis of existing literature. The findings indicate that integrating English for Specific Purposes (ESP), task-based learning, and multimedia tools significantly improves students’ engagement and communicative competence. The study concludes that a student-centered and context-based approach is essential for successful language instruction in non-philological contexts.

PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COACH-MENTORS IN TEAM SPORTS

R.N. Egamberdiev — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article reveals the moral qualities of young people, such as patriotism, national pride, duty, conscience, mutual respect and dignity, which play a leading role not only in their personal development, but also in maintaining a clean and stable psychological climate in our society.

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE POPULATION OF BAKHMAL DISTRICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CULTURAL SPHERE IN THE LAST 10 YEARS BEFORE INDEPENDENCE

Nurmohi Jurakulova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bakhmal district is a territory located in Jizzakh region. This article provides information on the socio-economic sectors of Bakhmal district during the 10 years before independence, including agriculture, the implementation of annual plans implemented in it among state farms included in the district, the level of implementation of tasks in the livestock sector, as well as the contribution of the population to the development of metallurgy, which is considered part of economic security, and what activities were organized for the population in cultural spheres, and the exchange of cultural experiences with other regions, along with the achievements achieved, some of the shortcomings observed. In this regard, the state of social security provided to the elderly and war veterans, who are considered among the most vulnerable segments of the population, was analyzed.

ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL ACTIONS OF WRESTLERS IN SPORTS WRESTLING ON THE BASIS OF "MUBIN ZASK" INTELLECTUAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

Sarvar Kakhramonovich Adilov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, the analysis of evaluation of technical and tactical actions of wrestlers based on "MUBIN ZASK" intellectual sensor technology in sports wrestling, as well as remote analysis of the preparation process for sports wrestling competitions and the selection of styles related to the individual characteristics of athletes, are mentioned.

A LEXICOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH COMPOUND NOUNS WITH “MAN” IN ENGLISH – UZBEK DICTIONARIES

Dilfuza Ibodullayeva — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the lexicographic representation of English compound nouns containing the word “man” in both English monolingual and English–Uzbek bilingual dictionaries. The research focuses on their structural, semantic, and sociolinguistic features, as well as their translation equivalents in Uzbek. The findings reveal that English monolingual dictionaries provide detailed entries, including definitions, usage labels, and contextual examples, whereas English-Uzbek bilingual dictionaries tend to offer limited information, mainly focusing on direct semantic equivalents. The study identifies different types of translation equivalence, including direct, functional, and descriptive translation. It also demonstrates that stylistic and gender-related features are often neutralized in translation. The paper concludes that bilingual dictionaries should be improved by incorporating stylistic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic information to better reflect modern language usage and enhance their usefulness for learners and translators.

IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE NAVOIY REGION

Laziz Jaxongirovich Azizov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the issues of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the management system of industrial enterprises in the Navoiy region using the “Logical Framework Approach” (LFA). During the research, existing problems were analyzed through the “problem tree” method, which revealed issues such as low management efficiency, ineffective resource utilization, limited innovation, and insufficient use of human capital. Based on these findings, an “objective tree” was developed to transform identified problems into achievable and measurable goals. In addition, a logical framework matrix was constructed to define project objectives, expected outcomes, performance indicators, and implementation strategies. The results of the study provide practical recommendations for improving management structures, increasing labor productivity, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring financial stability. The findings demonstrate that applying LFA enables a structured and comprehensive approach to decision-making, contributing to the sustainable development and competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the region.

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF CULTURAL REALIA

Makhsuma Arifovna Ikromova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The translation of cultural realia remains one of the most complex issues in translation studies due to the absence of direct equivalents across languages. Cultural realia represent culture-bound concepts that reflect traditions, social norms, and historical contexts of a particular community (Newmark, 1988). This study aims to examine the main translation strategies used in rendering cultural realia and evaluate their effectiveness in preserving both meaning and cultural identity. A qualitative research methodology was employed, analyzing selected literary and non-literary texts. The findings indicate that borrowing, descriptive translation, adaptation, and functional equivalence are the most frequently applied strategies (Baker, 2018; Venuti, 1995). The results also show that the choice of strategy depends on the target audience, text type, and communicative purpose. The study concludes that successful translation of realia requires not only linguistic competence but also deep intercultural awareness (Katan, 2014).

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Abdurashid Kadirov — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This scientific article examines the methodology for developing the psychophysiological characteristics of young football players and its impact on sports performance. During the study, special exercises based on visual and auditory signals were developed and implemented in practice. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the physical, functional, and psychophysiological indicators of young athletes.

LINGUOPOETIC TOOLS IN POETRY

Tozagul Pardaboyevna Dusanova — Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the role of linguopoetic tools in enhancing the artistic-aesthetic expressiveness of poetic speech. The study scientifically examines the poetic function of linguopoetic units and their role in image formation. The influence of such linguopoetic tools as metaphor, epithet, syntactic repetition, and phonetic harmony on the structure and content of poetic texts is substantiated. The research also reveals, based on scientific sources, the place of the linguopoetic approach in modern philology and its aspects related to poetry. The study analyzes the functional possibilities of the main linguopoetic units organizing the structure of a poetic text — metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, epithet, repetition, phonetic and syntactic devices. Furthermore, their role in the mechanism of image creation, their function in enhancing emotional-expressive impact, and their importance in shaping the author's individual style are scientifically elucidated. The research interprets linguopoetic tools not merely as elements of stylistic embellishment but as the main structural units that generate poetic thought and a cognitive model.

The results of the study show that in poetry, linguopoetic tools work in close interconnection and create a unified aesthetic synergy. This ensures the multi-layered interpretability of the poetic text and distinguishes it from ordinary communicative speech.