3D KINEMATIC PROFILE OF LOWER AND UPPER BODY SEGMENTS AND THEIR INTERSEGMENTAL COORDINATION IN THE LEFT-SIDE BENDING THROW TECHNIQUE OF WRESTLERS

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the 3D kinematic profile of the lower and upper body segments during the execution of the left-side bending throw technique by wrestlers and to evaluate their intersegmental coordination. Maximum and minimum angular changes of the primary joints involved in the movement—pelvis, hip, knee, ankle, as well as the shoulder and elbow joints—were recorded using a digital motion-capture system. The amplitudes of pelvic rotation, hip flexion and abduction, knee extension, ankle flexion, and shoulder and elbow movements were examined as key criteria for assessing the spatiotemporal structure of the technique. The results demonstrated that during the execution of the left-side bending throw, the lower body segments play a leading role in ensuring stability and impulse transmission, while the upper body joints are crucial for forming the final force impulse. The findings of this study may be applied to optimize technical training, improve coordination structures, and develop scientifically grounded training recommendations for coaches.

Keywords

3D kinematics, bending throw, left side, lower body segments, upper body segments, pelvic rotation, hip flexion, knee angle, ankle joint.