IMPROVING THE TRAINING SYSTEM OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED PARA-ATHLETES IN PARA-ATHLETICS: A CASE STUDY OF T46 CATEGORY RUNNING DISCIPLINES

Abstract

This study investigates the improvement of the training system for highly qualified para-athletes competing in T46 category running disciplines within para-athletics. The T46 classification encompasses athletes with upper limb amputation or equivalent impairment who compete in sprint and middle-distance track events using a running prosthesis. A pedagogical experiment was conducted across the 2023–2024 training year involving a control group (n=10) and an experimental group (n=10). Baseline anthropometric measurements — height, weight, leg length, arm length, and residual limb length — and six standardised physical fitness tests revealed no statistically significant intergroup differences (p>0.05), confirming the homogeneity of the experimental cohorts. Functional state monitoring using heart-rate telemetry and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) assessment provided individual physiological profiles that informed the individualisation of training prescriptions. A three-block specialised exercise complex was developed and applied exclusively to the experimental group: Block I targeting start mechanics and acceleration over 0–30 m; Block II targeting speed-endurance and running economy over 60–200 m; and Block III targeting prosthesis adaptation and residual limb conditioning. The exercise complex was embedded within an annual periodisation plan comprising five macro-periods: general preparatory, special preparatory, pre-competition, competition, and transition. Post-intervention testing demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the experimental group relative to the control group across all performance indicators, including 60 m sprint (p<0.05), 100 m sprint (p<0.01), 200 m sprint (p<0.01), standing long jump (p<0.05), triple jump (p<0.05), and push-up endurance (p<0.01). These findings confirm that a structured, periodised, and prosthesis-adapted training methodology produces superior performance outcomes in elite T46 para-athletes compared to conventional training approaches.

Keywords

para-athletics, T46 classification, running disciplines, annual training cycle, specialised exercise complex, prosthesis adaptation, functional monitoring, speed-endurance, highly qualified athletes, pedagogical experiment, periodisation, Paralympic sport.