A PEDAGOGICAL MODEL FOR DEVELOPING SELF-MONITORING COMPETENCE IN PARA SHOOTING ATHLETES

Abstract

The article substantiates a pedagogical model for developing self-monitoring competence in para shooting athletes. The relevance of the problem is determined by the fact that precision performance cannot be managed only through the final score or continuous external instructions from the coach. An athlete must learn to recognise functional and technical signals during preparation, aiming, triggering and follow-through, compare them with an individual performance standard, and make a limited corrective decision without disrupting an automated motor programme. The study used an integrative analysis of research on self-regulated learning, motor skill acquisition, shooting biomechanics, attentional control and biofeedback, together with the analysis of current World Shooting Para Sport rules and pedagogical modelling. The resulting model includes five interrelated components: cognitive, perceptual-diagnostic, regulatory, reflective and communicative. A four-phase self-monitoring cycle was designed for use before a series, during execution, immediately after a shot and after the series. Six observable control domains were specified: breathing rhythm, unnecessary muscle tension, body-support stability, aiming behaviour, trigger execution and follow-through. The model differentiates the content of self-monitoring for SH1 athletes, who support the firearm independently, and SH2 rifle athletes, who use an approved support stand. A five-stage pedagogical implementation sequence is proposed, progressing from coach-led explanation to calibrated guided practice and autonomous use. The model is not intended to replace instrumental diagnostics or coaching expertise; rather, it translates objective feedback into an athlete-accessible learning process. The approach may also be adapted to other sports in which athletes must recognise key internal and external performance cues, regulate effort, and evaluate execution between repeated attempts.

Keywords

para shooting, adaptive sport, self-monitoring, self-regulated learning, pedagogical model, attentional control, technical regulation, psychological regulation, feedback, reflection, sport class, coaching.